Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 7

Preface	5
Contents	6
Chapter 1: Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fiber, Al and TiO2	9
1.1 Introduction	9
1.2 Experimental Conditions	10
1.3 Results and Discussion	10
1.4 Conclusions	14
References	14
Chapter 2: Investigating Hemp Concrete Mechanical Properties Variability Due to Hemp Particles	16
2.1 Introduction	16
2.2 Materials and Method	17
2.2.1 Hemp Shiv Characterization	17
2.2.2 Preparation of Compression Specimen	17
2.2.2.1 Mix Proportioning	17
2.2.2.2 Mixing of Hemp Concrete	18
2.2.2.3 Numbering of Fabricated Specimens	18
2.3 Results and Discussion	19
2.3.1 Mechanical Response	19
2.3.2 Hemp Particles Impact on the Mechanical Performance	21
2.3.2.1 Compression Strength	21
2.3.2.2 Elastic Modulus	21
2.3.3 Variability of Result with Respect to Used Hemp Particles	23
2.3.3.1 Compression Strength	23
2.3.3.2 Modulus	24
2.4 Conclusion	24
References	24
Chapter 3: Recycling of Scrap Aluminium (AA7075) Chips for Low Cost Composites	25
3.1 Introduction	25
3.2 Experimental Procedures	26
3.3 Results and Discussion	27
3.4 Conclusions	31
References	31
Chapter 4: Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Ceramic Oxides and Silica	32
4.1 Introduction	32
4.2 Experimental Conditions	33
4.3 Results and Discussion	33
4.4 Conclusions	39
References	39
Chapter 5: Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Scrap Rubber Reinforced with Al2O3 Fiber, Aluminium and TiO2	41
5.1 Introduction	41
5.2 Experimental Conditions	42
5.3 Results and Discussion	42
5.4 Conclusions	46
References	47
Chapter 6: Thermo-mechanical Investigation of Fused Deposition Modeling by Computational and Experimental Methods	48
6.1 Introduction	48
6.2 Methodology	49
6.2.1 Mathematical Formulation	50
6.2.2 Numerical Formulation	52
6.2.2.1 1D Discretization	52
6.2.2.2 3-D Discretization	52
6.3 Results and Discussions	53
6.3.1 Determination of Total Heat Transfer Coefficient	53
6.3.2 3D Modeling	54
6.4 Conclusions and Future Work	56
References	57
7: Non-linear Contact Analysis of Self-Supporting Lattice	58
7.1 Introduction	58
7.2 Contact Finite Element Study	59
7.2.1 Lattice models	59
7.2.2 Problem Formulation and Mesh Generation	59
7.3 Results and Discussion	60
7.4 Summary and Conclusions	62
References	64
Chapter 8: Process Parameter Effects on Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of FDM Printed Coupons	66
8.1 Introduction	66
8.2 Experimental Methods	67
8.3 Results and Discussion	68
8.3.1 Microstructure Characterization	68
8.3.2 Fracture Toughness Characterization of Printed Roads	71
8.4 Conclusions	74
References	74
Chapter 9: Constitutive Equations for Severe Plastic Deformation Processes	75
9.1 Introduction	75
9.2 Conceptual Approach	76
9.3 Experiment	77
9.4 Conclusions	78
References	81
Chapter 10: Merging Experimental Evidence and Molecular Dynamics Theory to Develop Efficient Models of Solids Fracture	82
10.1 Introduction	82
10.2 Interaction Between Atoms	83
10.3 Models of Chemical Bonds	83
10.4 Further Analysis of the Molecular Dynamics	84
10.5 Atomic Modeling of the Continuum	85
10.6 Experimental Verification of the Cauchy-Born Rule	86
10.7 HRTEM Image Analysis	88
10.8 FT of the Image and Implications for the Cauchy-Born Rule	90
10.9 Mathematical Expressions of the Cauchy-Born Rule in Eulerian Coordinates	92
10.10 Analysis of Elementary Cells	93
10.11 Extension of Continuum Kinematics to the Full Field	94
10.12 Analysis of the Dislocation Region	96
10.13 Discussion and Conclusions	97
References	100
Chapter 11: Comparison of Patch and Fully Encircled Bonded Composite Repair	102
11.1 Introduction	102
11.2 Experimental	103
11.2.1 Sample Specifications	103
11.2.2 Experimental Procedure	103
11.3 Finite Element Analysis Configuration	104
11.4 Results and Discussion	105
11.4.1 Finite Element Analysis	105
11.5 Experimental	106
11.6 Conclusions	107
References	107
Chapter 12: Comparison of Composite Repair Performance on Drilled and Simulated Defects	108
12.1 Introduction	108
12.2 Experimental	109
12.2.1 Simulated Flaw Generation	109
12.2.2 Eroded Flaw Characterization	109
12.2.3 Repair Installation	110
12.2.4 Hydrostatic Pressure Testing	110
12.3 Finite Element Analysis	111
12.4 Results	112
12.4.1 Eroded Flaw Characterization	112
12.4.2 Finite Element Analysis	112
12.4.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Testing	113
12.4.4 Digital Image Correlations	113
12.5 Conclusions	114
References	114
Chapter 13: Measuring How Overlap Affects the Strength of Composite Tubes in Bending-Torsion	115
13.1 Introduction	115
13.2 Experimental Set-Up	116
13.3 Results	117
13.4 Conclusion	121
References	121
Chapter 14: Thermal Cycling and Environmental Effect on Tensile Impact Behavior of Adhesive Single Lap Joints for Fiber Metal ...	122
14.1 Introduction	122
14.2 Experimental Procedure	123
14.2.1 Material, Adhesives and Adherends	123
14.2.2 Environmental Conditions and Thermal Cycling	125
14.2.2.1 Sea Water	125
14.2.2.2 Thermal Cycling	125
14.2.3 Test Apparatus and Fixture	126
14.3 Results and Discussion	127
14.4 Conclusion	128
References	128
Chapter 15: Design of Hybrid Composites from Scrap Aluminum Bronze Chips	129
15.1 Introduction	129
15.2 Experimental Conditions	130
15.3 Results and Discussion	130
15.4 Conclusions	133
References	136
Chapter 16: Impact Response of Waste Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) Composite Plate	137
16.1 Introduction	137
16.2 Materials and Methods	138
16.2.1 Test Specimen	138
16.2.2 Experimental Procedure	138
16.3 Results and Discussion	139
16.3.1 Materials Characterization	139
16.3.2 Mechanical Properties and Damage Analysis	139
16.4 Conclusion	141
References	141
Chapter 17: Particles Reinforced Scrap Aluminum Based Composites by Combined Processing Sintering+Thixoforging	143
17.1 Introduction	143
17.2 Experimental Procedures	144
17.3 Results and Discussion	145
17.4 Conclusions	148
References	149
Chapter 18: Recycle of Aluminium (A356) for Processing of New Composites Reinforced with Magnetic Nano Iron Oxide and Molybden...	151
18.1 Introduction	151
18.2 Experimental Procedures	152
18.3 Results and Discussion	153
18.4 Conclusion	158
References	159
Chapter 19: A New Multiscale Bioinspired Compliant Sensor	160
19.1 Introduction	160
19.2 Experimental Procedure	161
19.2.1 Nanosized EG Sensing Material	161
19.2.2 Carbon Microfiber	161
19.2.3 Electrical Connection to the Strain Sensor	161
19.2.4 Mechanical Testing of the Sensors	162
19.3 Experimental Results	162
19.3.1 Qualitative Characterization	162
19.3.2 Mechanical Characterization of Sensing Response	163
19.4 Application to a Robot Hand	164
19.5 Conclusions	165
References	166
Chapter 20: Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Response of MAX Phases	167
20.1 Introduction	167
20.2 Material Fabrication	168
20.3 Experimental Setup	168
20.4 Results	169
20.5 Conclusions	170
References	170
Chapter 21: Controlled Placement of Microcapsules in Polymeric Materials	172
21.1 Introduction	172
21.2 Experimental	173
21.2.1 Nanoparticle Synthesis	173
21.2.2 Microcapsule Synthesis	173
21.2.3 Specimen Manufacturing	173
21.2.4 Fracture Testing	173
21.3 Results and Discussion	174
21.3.1 Microscopy	174
21.3.2 Quasi-static Fracture Testing and Self-Healing Performance	176
21.4 Conclusions	178
References	178
Chapter 22: Converse Magneto-Electric Coefficient of Composite Multiferroic Rings	180
22.1 Introduction	180
22.2 Experiment Setup	181
22.2.1 Specimen Preparation	181
22.2.2 Measurement Process	181
22.3 Results and Discussion	182
22.4 Conclusion	184
References	185
Chapter 23: In-Situ Sensing of Deformation and Damage in Nanocomposite Bonded Surrogate Energetic Materials	187
23.1 Introduction	187
23.2 Experimental	188
23.2.1 Preparation of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites	188
23.2.2 Morphological Characterization	189
23.2.3 Electrical and Piezoresistive Characterization	190
23.3 Results and Discussion	190
23.3.1 Fracture Surface Topography	190
23.3.2 Electrical Properties	191
23.3.3 Mechanical Properties of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites	192
23.3.4 Piezoresistive Testing of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites	193
23.4 Conclusion	194
References	195
Chapter 24: Quasi-Static Characterization of Self-Healing Dental Composites	196
24.1 Introduction	196
24.2 Materials and Methods	197
24.2.1 Synthesis of Dental Composites	197
24.2.2 Synthesis of Self-Healing Microcapsules	197
24.2.3 Fabrication of Self-Healing Dental Composite Specimens	197
24.2.4 Quasi-static Fracture Testing	199
24.3 Results and Discussion	200
24.4 Conclusions	201
References	201
Chapter 25: Load Monitoring Using Surface Response to Excitation Method	202
25.1 Introduction	202
25.2 Method	203
25.3 Experiment	203
25.4 Load Monitoring	203
25.5 Conclusions	204
References	206
Chapter 26: Elevated Temperature Digital Image Correlation Using High Magnification Optical Microscopy	208
26.1 Introduction	208
26.2 Apparatus	210
26.3 Specimen Preparation	211
26.4 Results	212
26.5 Conclusions	215
References	215
Chapter 27: Design of Hybrid Composites from Scrap Aluminum Reinforced with (SiC+TiO2+Gr+Ti+B)	217
27.1 Introduction	217
27.2 Experimental Procedures	218
27.3 Results and Discussion	218
27.4 Conclusion	221
References	223
Chapter 28: Manufacturing of Low Cost Composites with Porous Structures from Scrap Aluminium (AA2014) Chips	224
28.1 Introduction	224
28.2 Experimental Procedures	225
28.3 Results and Discussion	226
28.4 Conclusion	229
References	231
Chapter 29: Development of Functionally Graded Nodular Cast Iron Reinforced with Recycled WC Particles	232
29.1 Introduction	232
29.2 Experimental Procedures	233
29.3 Results and Discussions	234
29.4 Conclusions	240
References	240
Chapter 30: Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nano Fe3O4 Doped with TiO2 by Thermomechanical Process	241
30.1 Introduction	241
30.2 Experimental Conditions	242
30.3 Results and Discussion	243
30.3.1 Microstructural Evaluation	243
30.3.2 Evolution of Density and Microhardness Values (HV0.25)	243
30.3.3 Wear Resistance by Nanoindentation	243
30.3.4 Creep Compliance by Nanoindentation	245
30.3.5 Evaluation of Hardness and Modulus Values by Nanoindentation	248
30.4 Conclusions	248
References	248
Chapter 31: Implementation of the Surface Response to Excitation Method for Pipes	250
31.1 Introduction	250
31.2 Method	251
31.3 Experimental Setup	251
31.4 Results and Discussion	252
31.5 Conclusion	254
References	254
Chapter 32: Thermal Methods for Evaluating Flaws in Composite Materials: A New Approach to Data Analysis	256
32.1 Introduction	256
32.2 Stimulated Thermography	257
32.3 Material and Methods	257
32.3.1 Methods and Algorithms Proposed	259
32.4 Results	259
32.4.1 Qualitative Comparison of Sinusoidal and Square Wave Excitation	259
32.4.2 Quantitative Comparison of Sinusoidal and Square Wave Excitation	259
32.4.3 Analysis of the Influence of the Dimensions and Depth of the Defect on the Phase Signal Variation	262
32.5 Conclusions	262
References	263
Chapter 33: Characterising the Infrared Signature of Damaged Composites for Test Control	265
33.1 Introduction	265
33.2 Methodology	266
33.3 Results	266
33.4 Discussion and Future Work	269
References	269
Chapter 34: Thermoelastic Stress Analysis and Digital Image Correlation to Assess Composites	270
34.1 Introduction	270
34.2 Experimental Investigation	270
34.3 Summary and Conclusions	273
References	273
Chapter 35: A Study on Mechanical Properties of Raw Sisal Polyester Composites	274
35.1 Introduction	274
35.2 Materials and Methods	276
35.3 Results and Discussions	277
35.4 Conclusion	279
References	279
Chapter 36: HPHT In-Situ Strain Measurement of Polymer Composites for Oilfield Applications	281
36.1 Introduction	281
36.2 Experimental	283
36.3 Results and Discussion	284
36.4 Conclusions	286
References	286
Chapter 37: Evaluation of Viscoelastic Characteristics of Polymer by Using Indentation Method	288
37.1 Introduction	288
37.2 Indentation Test	289
37.3 Results and Evaluation of Creep Compliance	290
37.4 Conclusions	292
References	292

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