Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 6

Preface	6
Contents	8
Chapter 1: Mechanic Adaptability of Metastatic Cells in Colon Cancer	10
1.1 Introduction	10
1.2 Results and Discussion	11
1.3 Experimental	15
1.3.1 Cell Cultures	15
1.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)	15
1.3.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)	16
1.3.4 Confocal Microscopy	16
1.3.5 Statistical Analysis	16
1.4 Conclusions	17
References	17
Chapter 2: Nano-Mechanical Response of Red Blood Cells	19
2.1 Introduction	19
2.2 Material and Methods	20
2.3 Results	20
2.4 Discussion	22
References	23
Chapter 3: Scale Dependence of the Mechanical Properties of Interfaces in Crustaceans Thin Films	25
References	31
Chapter 4: Dynamic Analysis of Human Knee	32
4.1 Introduction	32
4.2 Measurement and Analytical Methods	33
4.2.1 Test Procedure and Sensor Arrangement	33
4.2.1.1 Measurement with BiopacTM System	33
4.2.1.2 Measurement with DelsysTM System	33
4.2.2 Frequency Domain Analysis	34
4.2.3 Subjects	34
4.3 Results and Discussion	34
4.3.1 1Hz March (Subject 1 and Subject 2)	34
4.3.2 1Hz Squat (Subject 3 and Subject 4)	35
4.4 Summary	38
References	38
Chapter 5: Viscohyperelastic Calibration in Mechanical Characterization of Soft Matter	39
5.1 Introduction	39
5.2 Methodology	40
5.2.1 Determination of ZP Visco-Hyperelastic Properties	41
5.3 Results and Discussion	42
5.4 Conclusions	42
References	43
Chapter 6: Contact Zone Evaluation of Dental Implants Using Digital Photoelasticity	44
6.1 Introduction	44
6.2 Experimental Methodology	45
6.2.1 Identification of Proper Photoelastic Model for Implant Dentistry	45
6.2.2 Isochromatic Evaluation Using Three Fringe Photoelsaticity	46
6.3 Contact Zone Evaluation of the Coronal Region	46
6.3.1 Evaluation of Contact Stress Parameters Using Fringe Order Information	47
6.4 Conclusion	48
References	48
7: Evolution of the Skin Microstructural Organization During a Mechanical Assay	49
7.1 Introduction	49
7.2 Materials and Methods	50
7.2.1 Samples Preparation	50
7.2.2 Multiphoton Microscopy	50
7.2.3 Traction Device and Mechanical Assays	50
7.2.4 Mechanical Data Processing	51
7.2.5 SHG Image Processing	51
7.2.6 Theoretical Fibers Reorientation	52
7.3 Results	53
7.4 Discussion	54
References	55
8: A Numerical Study of a Biaxial Sollicitation to Set-Up the Displacement Field Measurement of Ex Vivo Mouse Skin	57
8.1 Introduction	57
8.2 Materials and Methods	58
8.2.1 Experimental Protocol	58
8.2.2 Mesh Generation	59
8.2.3 Constitutive Behavior	60
8.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis	60
8.3 Results	61
8.3.1 Sensitivity for a Real Geometry	61
8.3.2 Full-Field Measurement	61
8.4 Discussion	62
8.5 Conclusion	63
References	64
Chapter 9: Dynamic Polarization Microscopy for In-Situ Measurements of Collagen Fiber Realignment During Impact	65
9.1 Introduction	65
9.2 Methods	67
9.3 Results and Discussion	68
9.4 Conclusions	70
References	70
Chapter 10: Self-Shifting Neutral Axis and Negative Poisson´s Ratio in Hierarchical Structured Natural Composites: Bamboo	71
10.1 Introduction	71
10.2 Experiment	71
10.3 Results and Discussion	72
10.4 Conclusion	77
References	77
Chapter 11: High-Speed Holography for In-Vivo Measurement of Acoustically Induced Motions of Mammalian Tympanic Membrane	78
11.1 Introduction	78
11.2 Methods	79
11.3 Experimental Setup	80
11.4 Representative Results	81
11.4.1 Quantitative Full-Field-of-View In-Vivo Measurements	81
11.4.2 Comparison of Pre- and Post-mortem Response of the TM in the time domain	81
11.4.3 Comparison of Pre- and Post-mortem Response of the TM in the Frequency Domain	82
11.5 Conclusions and Future Work	84
References	84
Chapter 12: Rheology of Soft and Rigid Micro Particles in Curved Microfluidic Channels	85
12.1 Introduction	85
12.2 Materials and Method	86
12.3 Results and Discussion	87
12.4 Conclusion	89
References	89
Chapter 13: Microfluidic Approaches for Biomechanics of Red Blood Cells	90
13.1 Introduction	90
13.2 Microfluidic Techniques	91
13.2.1 Cellular Rheology Under Hypoxia	91
13.2.2 Electrically Coupled Cell Mechanics	92
13.3 Discussion	93
References	93
Chapter 14: Custom Indentation System for Mechanical Characterization of Soft Matter	95
14.1 Introduction	95
14.2 Methods	95
14.3 Results	97
14.4 Conclusion	97
References	99
Chapter 15: Experimental Evaluation of Blast Loadings on the Ear and Head with and Without Hearing Protection Devices	100
15.1 Introduction	100
15.2 Methods	100
15.3 Results	102
15.4 Discussion	103
15.5 Future/Ongoing Work	104
15.6 Summary	105
Reference	108
16: A Mechano-Hydraulic Model of Intracranial Pressure Dynamics	109
16.1 Introduction	109
16.2 Physiological Considerations	110
16.3 Mathematical Model	110
16.4 Model Parameters	112
16.5 Qualitative Analysis	112
16.6 Quantitative Analysis	113
16.7 Stability Analysis	114
16.8 Conclusions and Future Work	116
References	116
Chapter 17: Regional Variations in the Mechanical Strains of the Human Optic Nerve Head	117
17.1 Introduction	117
17.2 Methods	118
17.2.1 Tissue Preparation	118
17.2.2 Imaging	118
17.2.3 Mechanical Testing	119
17.2.4 Image Post-Processing	120
17.2.5 Digital Volume Correlation: (DVC)	120
17.2.6 Error Measurements and Validations	120
17.2.7 Strain Calculation	121
17.2.8 Statistics	121
17.3 Results	121
17.3.1 Imaging and Correlation Optimization	121
17.3.2 Displacements and Strains	122
17.4 Discussion	124
17.5 Conclusions	124
References	125
Chapter 18: Experimental Electromechanics of Red Blood Cells Using Dielectrophoresis-Based Microfluidics	126
18.1 Introduction	126
18.2 Materials and Method	126
18.3 Results and Discussion	128
18.4 Conclusion	129
References	130
Chapter 19: Microbuckling of Fibrous Matrices Enables Long Range Cell Mechanosensing	132
19.1 Introduction	132
19.2 Methods	133
19.2.1 Labelled Fibrin	133
19.2.2 Labelled Collagen	133
19.2.3 Image Acquisition	133
19.2.4 Digital Volume Correlation	134
19.3 Results and Discussion	134
19.4 Conclusions	137
References	137
Chapter 20: The Growth and Mechanical Properties of Abalone Nacre Mesolayer	139
20.1 Introduction	139
20.2 Experiment Procedure	140
20.3 Results	141
20.3.1 Nacre and Mesolayer Growth	141
20.3.2 Mechanical Properties Tested by Nano-Indenter	141
20.4 Conclusion	143
References	144
Chapter 21: Evaluation of Precise Optimal Cyclic Strain for Tenogenic Differentiation of MSCs	145
21.1 Introduction	145
21.2 Materials and Methods	146
21.2.1 Cell Preparation	146
21.2.2 Application of Cyclic Stretch with Inhomogeneous Strain Field	146
21.2.3 Determination of Expression Levels of Differentiation Marker Proteins	147
21.3 Results and Discussion	148
21.4 Conclusions	150
References	150
Chapter 22: Effect of FiberArchitecture on the Cell Functions of Electrospun Fiber Membranes	152
22.1 Background	152
22.2 Materials and Methods	152
22.3 Results	153
22.4 Conclusions	154
References	155
Chapter 23: Controlling hESC-CM Cell Morphology on Patterned Substrates Over a Range of Stiffness	156
23.1 Introduction	156
23.2 Methods	157
23.2.1 hESC Culture	157
23.2.2 hESC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation	157
23.2.3 Fabrication of PDMS with Varying Elastic Moduli	157
23.2.4 Mechanical Characterization	158
23.2.5 Micropattern Design and Stamp Production	158
23.2.6 muCP of omega-Mercaptoundecyl Bromoisobutyrate on Au-Coated Slides	158
23.2.7 Surface-Initiated Activator Generated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-AGET ATRP) of OEGME...	159
23.2.8 Adsorption of Adhesion Ligands	159
23.2.9 HESC-CM Seeding and Culture	159
23.2.10 Immunofluorescence	159
23.2.11 Nuclear Alignment Measurement	160
23.3 Results and Discussion	160
23.3.1 Mechanical Properties of Different PDMS Blends	160
23.3.2 Immunofluorescence of Matrigel Transfer	160
23.3.3 Sarcomere Organization of hESC-CMs	161
23.3.4 Nuclear Alignment of hESC-CMs	162
23.4 Conclusion	162
References	163
Chapter 24: Cytoskeletal Perturbing Drugs and Their Effect on Cell Elasticity	164
24.1 Introduction	164
24.2 Methods	165
24.2.1 Cell Culture	165
24.2.2 Tubulin and Actin Visualization	165
24.2.3 Elastic Modulus Measurement at Single Approach Velocity	165
24.2.4 Approach Velocity Modulation	166
24.2.5 Force Curve Analysis	166
24.2.6 Statistical Analysis	167
24.3 Results and Discussion	167
24.3.1 Cytoarchitectural Effects of Cytochalasin D and Nocodazole	167
24.3.2 Cells Exhibit Probing Frequency Dependence	168
24.3.3 Elastic Stiffness Measurements Exhibit a log-Normal Distribution	168
24.3.4 Actin Filaments Contribute More Than Microtubules to Elastic Stiffness in Normal Cells	170
24.3.5 Destabilizing Microtubule Dynamics has a Greater Stiffness Effect in Cancer Cell Lines than Normal Cell Lines	170
24.4 Conclusions	171
References	171

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTMzNzEzMQ==