Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9

Preface	6
Contents	8
Chapter 1: Reconstruction of Spatially Varying Random Material Properties by Self-Optimizing Inverse Method	11
1.1 Introduction	11
1.2 Random Field Modeling and Self-OPTIM Methodology	12
1.3 Development of Self-OPTIM Software Framework	14
1.3.1 Parallelization of Self-OPTIM Simulations	14
1.3.2 Optimization Algorithm	15
1.4 Reconstruction of Random Fields by Self-OPTIM	16
1.4.1 Effects of the Number of DIC Measurements	16
1.4.2 Effect of Non-uniform Reaction Forces on Reconstruction of Random Fields	16
1.5 Conclusions	17
References	18
Chapter 2: Performance Assessment of Integrated Digital Image Correlation Versus FEM Updating	20
2.1 Introduction	20
2.2 Systematic Error	20
2.3 Virtual Experimentation	22
2.4 Results and Discussion	23
2.5 Conclusions	23
References	24
Chapter 3: IGMU: A Geometrically Consistent Framework for Identification from Full Field Measurement	25
3.1 Introduction	20
3.2 Virtual Experiment for Identification Porpuses	20
3.3 Iso-Geometric Model Updating (IGMU) Framework	22
3.4 Integrated CAD-based Stereo-DIC	23
3.5 Conclusions	23
References	24
Chapter 4: Characterization of the Dynamic Strain Hardening Behavior from Full-field Measurements	30
4.1 Introduction	30
4.2 Identification Procedure	30
4.2.1 Logarithmic (True) Strain	31
4.2.2 Constitutive Model	31
4.2.3 The Virtual Fields Method	32
4.2.4 Speed and Acceleration	32
4.3 Results	32
4.3.1 FE Model	32
4.3.2 Effect of Strain Rates	33
4.4 Conclusion	34
References	35
Chapter 5: Bridging Kinematic Measurements and Crystal Plasticity Models in Austenitic Stainless Steels	36
5.1 Introduction	36
5.2 Kinematic Measurements Using Digital Image Correlation	36
5.3 Simulation Using a Crystal Plasticity Model	38
5.4 Parameter Identification	38
5.5 Conclusions	41
References	41
Chapter 6: Inverse Identification of Plastic Material Behavior Using Multi-Scale Virtual Experiments	43
6.1 Introduction	43
6.2 Material	44
6.3 Virtual Material Tests	45
6.4 Finite Element Simulation	46
6.5 Conclusions	47
References	48
Chapter 7: An Effective Experimental-Numerical Procedure for Damage Assessment of Ti6Al4V	49
7.1 Introduction	49
7.2 Experimental Campaign	50
7.3 Numerical Models Formulation and Calibration Procedure	50
7.4 Results and Discussion	52
7.5 Conclusion and Further Development	54
References	54
Chapter 8: Identification of the YLD2000-2D Model with the Virtual Fields Method	56
8.1 Introduction	56
8.2 Theory	57
8.3 Experiments	59
8.4 Results and Discussion	60
8.5 Conclusion	61
References	61
Chapter 9: Identification of Post-necking Strain Hardening Behavior of Pure Titanium Sheet	63
9.1 Introduction	63
9.2 Material	64
9.3 Method	65
9.4 Validation: Pre-necking Hardening Behaviour	66
9.5 Results: Post-necking Hardening Behaviour	67
9.6 Conclusions	68
References	68
Chapter 10: Challenges for High-Pressure High-Temperature Applications of Rubber Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry	69
10.1 Introduction	20
10.2 Applications of Rubber Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry	20
10.3 High Temperature/High Pressure Environments	22
10.4 Challenges for Rubber Materials in HPHT Applications	23
10.5 Some Current Approaches for HPHT Applications	23
10.5.1 Nano Material Reinforced Rubber	78
10.5.2 Improved PEEK for HPHT Backup	78
10.5.3 Improved Packer Designs for HPHT Applications	80
10.5.4 Alternate Seal Design Concepts	81
10.6 Concluding Remarks	81
References	24
Chapter 11: Full-Field Strain Imaging of Ultrasonic Waves in Solids	84
11.1 Introduction	20
11.2 Experimental Set-Up	20
11.3 Results	22
11.4 Conclusion	23
References	24
Chapter 12: Acoustic Emission Analysis in Titanium Grade 5 Samples During Fatigue Test	84
12.1 Introduction	20
12.2 Materials and Methods	20
12.3 Results and Discussion	22
12.4 Conclusions	23
References	24
Chapter 13: Analysis of High-Frequency Vibrational Modes Through Laser Pulses	94
13.1 Introduction	20
13.2 Compression Tests on Calcite Samples by the MTS Machine	20
13.3 Raman Spectroscopy	22
13.4 Compression Tests on Crystal Samples by a Manual Press Machine	23
13.5 Ultrasonic Tests Performed by a Sonotrode	23
13.6 Conclusions	78
References	24
Chapter 14: Acquisition of Audio Information from Silent High Speed Video	106
14.1 Introduction	106
14.2 Acquisition Process	107
14.3 Experimental Procedure	109
14.4 Conclusion	112
References	112
Chapter 15: Overview of the Effects of Process Parameters on the Accuracy in Residual Stress Measurements by Using HD and ESPI	113
15.1 Introduction	20
15.2 Sources of Errors in ESPI-HDM	20
15.2.1 Geometrical Parameters	22
15.2.2 Sensitivity Vector	23
15.2.3 Drilling Speed	23
15.3 Conclusions	78
References	24
Chapter 16: Near Weld Stress Analysis with Optical and Acoustic Methods	119
16.1 Introduction	119
16.2 Theoretical	120
16.3 Experimental	121
16.4 Results and Discussions	122
16.5 Conclusions	126
References	126
Chapter 17: Nondestructive Characterization of Thin Film System with Dual-Beam Interferometer	128
17.1 Introduction	128
17.2 Theoretical	131
17.2.1 Physical Model	131
17.2.2 Michelson Interferometer and Principle of Operation	131
17.3 Experimental	133
17.3.1 Information of Pt Specimens	133
17.3.2 Operation Acoustic Frequency and Transducer Calibration	133
17.3.3 Experiment with Treated/Untreated Ti-Pt Thin-Film Specimens	135
17.4 Summary	136
References	136
Chapter 18: Effect of Horn Tip Geometry on Ultrasonic Cavitation Peening	137
18.1 Introduction	137
18.2 Experimental Procedure	137
18.3 Result and Discussion	139
18.3.1 Impact Force Caused by Cavitation Bubbles	139
18.3.2 Effect of Concave Radius on Impact Force	140
18.3.3 Behavior of Cavitation Bubbles Near Horn-Tip	141
18.4 Summary	143
References	144
Chapter 19: Fatigue Damage Analysis of Aluminum Alloy by ESPI	145
19.1 Introduction	145
19.2 Experimental Procedure	146
19.2.1 Specimen	146
19.2.2 Observation of Deformation Behavior of Pre-fatigued Specimen	146
19.2.3 Measurement of Surface Acoustic Wave Velocity	147
19.3 Result and Discussion	148
19.3.1 Influence of Fatigue Damage on Macroscopic Deformation	148
19.3.2 Surface Acoustic Velocity on the Surface of Pre-fatigued Specimen	149
19.4 Summary	152
References	152
Chapter 20: Dynamic Failure Mechanisms in Woven Ceramic Fabric Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites During Ballistic Impact	153
20.1 Introduction	153
20.2 Experimental	153
20.3 Numerical Modeling	154
20.4 Results and Discussion	155
20.5 Conclusions	157
References	157
Chapter 21: Digital Image Correlation Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Aluminum Alloys under Quasi-static Tension afte...	158
21.1 Introduction	158
21.2 Material and Methods	159
21.3 Analysis	160
21.4 Results and Discussion	162
21.5 Conclusions	163
References	163
Chapter 22: Robust Intermediate Strain Rate Experimentation Using the Serpentine Transmitted Bar	164
22.1 Introduction	164
22.2 Design Strategy	165
22.2.1 Bar System Methodology	165
22.2.2 The Serpentine Bar Approach	166
22.3 Prototype Fabrication	166
22.4 Experiments	167
22.4.1 Dynamic Joint Behavior	167
22.4.2 Intermediate Strain Rate Experiment	168
22.4.3 Long Bar Verification Experiment	168
22.5 Conclusion	170
References	170
Chapter 23: Testing Program for Crashworthiness Assessment of Cutaway Buses	171
23.1 Introduction	171
23.2 Initial Testing and Material Characterization	172
23.3 Component Testing	173
23.4 Full Scale Testing	175
23.5 Computational Testing	175
23.6 Summary	178
References	178
Chapter 24: In-Situ DIC and Strain Gauges to Isolate the Deficiencies in a Model for Indentation Including Anisotropic Plastic...	179
24.1 Introduction	179
24.2 Backstory	179
24.3 Purpose	181
24.4 Methods	182
24.4.1 Experimental	182
24.4.2 Finite Element Modeling	185
24.4.3 Material Models	186
24.5 Results and Discussion	187
24.6 Conclusions	192
References	192
Chapter 25: Analysis of Laser Weld Induced Stress in a Hermetic Seal	194
25.1 Introduction	194
25.2 Experimental	195
25.2.1 Experimental Procedure	195
25.2.2 Experimental Results	196
25.3 Finite Element Model	197
25.3.1 Material Models	197
25.3.2 Boundary Conditions	198
25.3.3 Sealing Cycle	199
25.3.4 Laser Weld	200
25.4 Conclusion	201
References	201
Chapter 26: A Summary of Failures Caused by Residual Stresses	203
26.1 Introduction	203
26.2 Methods	203
26.3 Results and Discussion	204
26.3.1 Temporal Analysis	204
26.3.2 Material Analysis	205
26.3.3 Failure Mechanism Analysis	206
26.4 Impact of Failures on Industry	207
References	208
Chapter 27: Comparative Analysis of Shot-Peened Residual Stresses Using Micro-Hole Drilling, Micro-Slot Cutting, X-ray Diffrac...	209
27.1 Introductions	209
27.2 Materials and Methods	210
27.3 Results and Discussion	213
27.4 Conclusions	216
References	216
Chapter 28: Thermal Deformation Analysis of an Aluminum Alloy Utilizing 3D DIC	218
28.1 Introduction	218
28.2 Experimental Procedures and Techniques	219
28.2.1 Tension Experiments	219
28.2.2 Bend Testing	220
28.2.3 Thermal Testing	221
28.3 Experimental Results	222
28.4 Summary and Conclusions	227
References	227
Chapter 29: Hybrid Full-Field Stress Analysis of Loaded Perforated Asymmetrical Plate	228
29.1 Introduction	228
29.2 Prior Relevant Analyses	228
29.3 Experimental Details	232
References	234
Chapter 30: Automated Detection of CFRP Defects by Infrared Thermography and Image Analysis	235
30.1 Introduction	235
30.2 Materials and Methods	236
30.2.1 IRT	236
30.2.2 IRT Experimental System	236
30.2.3 Specimens and Test	236
30.2.4 Software Development	237
30.3 Test Results and Discussion	239
30.4 Conclusion	240
References	240
Chapter 31: Modelling the Residual Stress Field Ahead of the Notch Root in Shot Peened V-Notched Samples	241
31.1 Introduction	241
31.2 Material and Experimental Procedures	242
31.2.1 Sample Preparation	242
31.2.2 Stress Field Around the Notch	243
31.3 Experimental Results	244
31.4 Numerical Reconstruction of the Residual Stress Field	246
31.5 Conclusions	251
References	252
Chapter 32: Numerical Prediction of Temperature and Residual Stress Fields in LFSW	254
32.1 Introduction	254
32.2 Material and Methods	255
32.2.1 Temperature Measurement	257
32.2.2 Residual Stresses Measurement	258
32.2.3 Numerical Model	258
32.3 Results	259
32.4 Conclusion	263
References	263
Chapter 33: Residual Stress Measurement on Shot Peened Samples Using FIB-DIC	265
33.1 Introduction	265
33.2 Experimental Procedure and Data Analysis	266
33.2.1 Sample Description and Measurement Locations	266
33.2.2 FIB Milling Procedure	267
33.2.3 DIC Analysis and Fitting Procedure	268
33.3 Eigenstrain Modelling	269
33.4 Results and Discussion	270
33.5 Conclusion	272
References	273
Chapter 34: Residual Stress in Injection Stretch Blow Molded PET Bottles	274
34.1 Introduction	274
34.2 Material and Experimental Setup	275
34.3 Result and Discussion	275
34.4 Photo-Elasticity Observation of Residual Hoop Stress	276
34.5 Time-Dependence of Stresses in the Polymer Film	276
34.6 Combined Photoelasticity and Residual Stress Measurement	277
34.7 Conclusion	278
References	279
Chapter 35: Applying Infrared Thermography and Heat Source Reconstruction for the Analysis of the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect...	280
35.1 Introduction	280
35.2 Experimental Conditions and Image Processing	281
35.3 Results	281
35.4 Conclusion	283
References	283
Chapter 36: Applying a Gad Filter to Calculate Heat Sources from Noisy Temperature Fields	285
36.1 Introduction	285
36.2 Heat Diffusion Equation and Processing by GAD Filter	286
36.3 Simulated Data	287
36.4 Experimental Data	289
36.5 Conclusion	290
References	290
Chapter 37: Contour Method Residual Stress Measurement Uncertainty in a Quenched Aluminum Bar and a Stainless Steel Welded Pla...	291
37.1 Introduction	291
37.2 Methods	292
37.2.1 Model Error	292
37.2.2 Displacement Error	293
37.2.3 Total Uncertainty	293
37.2.4 Experiments	294
37.3 Results	295
37.4 Discussion	297
37.5 Summary/Conclusions	298
References	300
Chapter 38: On the Separation of Complete Triaxial Strain/Stress Profiles from Diffraction Experiments	301
38.1 Introduction	301
38.2 Goniometers	301
38.2.1 Fundamental Equations	301
38.2.2 Simulation	303
References	305
Chapter 39: Residual Stress Mapping with Multiple Slitting Measurements	306
39.1 Introduction	306
39.2 Methods	308
39.3 Results	311
39.4 Discussion	315
39.5 Summary/Conclusions	316
References	317
Chapter 40: A Novel Approach for Biaxial Residual Stress Mapping Using the Contour and Slitting Methods	318
40.1 Introduction	318
40.2 Methods	319
40.2.1 Measurement Approach	319
40.2.2 Biaxial Mapping	320
40.2.3 Confirmation Measurements	321
40.3 Results	322
40.3.1 Biaxial Mapping	322
40.3.2 Confirmation Measurements	324
40.4 Discussion	325
40.5 Summary	326
References	327
Chapter 41: Measurement of Residual Stresses in B4C-SiC-Si Ceramics Using Raman Spectroscopy	328
41.1 Introduction	328
41.2 Materials	329
41.3 Experimental	330
41.4 Results and Discussion	330
41.5 Conclusion	331
References	331
Chapter 42: Hole Drilling Determination of Residual Stresses Varying Along a Surface	333
42.1 Introduction	333
42.2 Displacements from Hole Drilling	334
42.3 Phase-Displacement-Stress Relations	337
42.4 Experiments	337
42.5 Discussion	338
42.6 Conclusions	339
References	339
Chapter 43: Sensitivity Analysis of i-DIC Approach for Residual Stress Measurement in Orthotropic Materials	340
43.1 Introduction	340
43.2 Integrated Digital Image Correlation for Residual Stress Measurement	341
43.3 Orthotropic Material	342
43.4 (A Sort of) Sensitivity Analysis	343
43.5 Conclusions	346
References	346
Chapter 44: Stress Measurement Repeatability in ESPI Hole-Drilling	348
44.1 Background	348
44.2 Experimental	348
44.3 Results	349
44.4 Discussion	350
References	354
Chapter 45: Some Aspects of the Application of the Hole Drilling Method on Plastic Materials	355
45.1 Introduction	355
45.2 Thermal Effects	355
45.3 Stiffening Effects	358
45.4 Effects of Viscoelastic Behavior	362
45.5 Conclusion	364
Reference	364

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