28.4 Summary and Conclusions The thermal strain behavior of a 6000 series aluminum alloy is studied under a variety of different prestrains, specimen orientations and temperatures. Uniaxial dogbone specimens were tested to failure in tension under different prestrains and different temperatures. Bend specimens were subjected to bending strains of 0–20 % while uniaxial specimens were subject to 20 % axial strains and a combination of 10 % axial strain and 20 % bending strain then placed in a furnace and exposed to a thermal cycles that replicate the conditions of a paint-bake cycle during manufacturing. Uniaxial samples were bolted to a steel plate to observe the effects of thermal buckling. After each thermal cycle a residual strain and vertical displacement was seen in the gage section of the sample. The amount of displacement and strain was not sensitive to the prestrain in each sample. The recorded displacements and strains will be used in conjunction with the material property study to create an LS-DYNA model for the effects of thermal cycles on 6000 series aluminum alloys. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Honda Research America. Thanks are due to Ryan Hahnlen of Honda Research America. References 1. E. Romhanji, M.M. Popovic´, D.M. Glisˇic´, M. Stefanovic´, M. Milovanovic´, On the Al-Mg alloy sheets for automotive application: problems and solutions. Metalurgija 10(3), 205–216 (2004) 2. S. Das, The life-cycle impacts of aluminum body-in-white automotive material. JOM52(8), 41–44 (2000) 3. D.C. Balderach, H. Jennifer, E. Leung, J. Qiao, M.C. Tejeda, E. Taleff, The paint–bake response of three Al–Mg–Zn alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A339(1–2), 194–204 (2003) 4. Y. Birol, Pre-straining to improve the bake hardening response of a twin-roll cast Al–Mg–Si alloy. Scr. Mater. 52(3), 169–173 (2005) 5. T.L. Jin, N.S. Ha, N.S. Goo, A study of the thermal buckling behavior of a circular aluminum plate using the digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis. Thin-Walled Struct. 77, 187 (2013) 6. K.D. Murphy, D. Ferreira, Thermal buckling of rectangular plates. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38(22–23), 3979–3994 (2001) 7. R.H. Plaut, L.N. Virgin, Use of frequency data to predict buckling. J. Eng. Mech. 116(10), 2330 (1990) 234 J.L. Smith et al.
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