Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 7

strength of this UHMWPE yarn to fall by 30 % at 43 C. Molecular spectroscopy verified that all samples were oxidized by the elevated temperature exposure, and an analysis of the crystallinity showed that the morphology of these fibers is also changing, although the exact mechanisms have yet to be determined. These factors should all be considered when using these fibers in conditions in which they might be exposed to elevated temperatures for long periods of time. References 1. Goavert, L., Lemestra, P.: Colloid Polym. Sci. 270, 455–464 (1992) 2. Karacan, I.: Fibres Text. East. Eur. 13, 15–21 (2005) 3. Chabba, S., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 42, 2891–2893 (2007) 4. Greenwood, J., Rose, P.: J. Mater. Sci. 9, 1809–1814 (1974) 5. Chin, J., et al.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 113, 567–584 (2009) 6. NIJ: Status Report to the Attorney General of Body Armor Safety Initiative Testing and Activities. NIJ, Washington, DC (2004) 7. NIJ.: Supplement I: Status Report to the Attorney General of Body Armor Safety Initiative Testing and Activities. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC (2004) 8. NIJ.: Third Status Report to the Attorney General of Body Armor Safety Initiative Testing and Activities. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC (2005) 9. Costa, L., et al.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 58, 41–54 (1997) 10. Holmes, G., et al.: Polym. Compos. 31, 879–886 (2010) 11. Costa, L., et al.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 55, 329–338 (1997) 12. Bernstein, R., et al.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 88, 480–488 (2005) 13. Gillen, K.T, et. al.: In: 39th International Symposium of the Society of the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA, USA, 11–14 April 1994 14. Gillen, K.T., Clough, R.I.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 24, 137–168 (1989) 15. Taddei, P., et al.: Biomacromolecules 7, 1912–1920 (2006) 16. Cunniff, P.: In: 18th International Symposium on Ballistics, pp. 1302–1310. San Antonio, TX (1999) 17. ISO Standard 2062: Textiles—Yarns from Packages: Determination of Single-End Breaking Force and Elongation at Break. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva (1993) 18. Li, S., Burstein, A.: J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 76, 1080–1090 (1994) 19. del Prever, E., et al.: Biomaterials 17, 873–878 (1996) 20. Tashiro, K., et al.: Macromolecules 29, 7460–7469 (1996) 21. Roe, R.: Methods of X-Ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2000) 22. Dijkstra, D., Pennings, A.: Polym. Bull. 19, 73–80 (1988) 23. Forster, A. L., Rice, K. D., Riley, M. A., Messin, G., Petit, S. H., Clerici, C., Holmes, G. A., Chin, J. W.: Development of Soft Armor Conditioning Protocols for NIJ 0101.06: Analytical Results. NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) – 7627. US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC (2009) 24. Dijkstra, D., Pennings, A.: Polym. Bull. 19, 65–72 (1988) 25. Menczel, J., Prime, R.: Thermal Analysis of Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ (2009) 26. Cooper, S., Tobolsky, A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10, 1837–1844 (1966) 27. Gugumus, F.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 49, 29–50 (1995) 28. Gugumus, F.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 74, 327–339 (2001) 29. Gugumus, F.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 76, 329–340 (2002) 30. Gugumus, F.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 77, 147–155 (2002) 31. Kwon, Y.K.: Polymer 41, 6237 (2000) 32. Pak, J., Wunderlich, B.: Thermochim. Acta 421, 203–209 (2004) 33. Fu, Y.: J. Macromol. Sci. Part B Phys. 35, 37 (1996) 34. Rastogi, S., et al.: Macromolecules 31, 5022–5031 (1998) 43 Long Term Stability of UHMWPE Fibers 375

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