Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 2

Preface	6
Contents	7
1 Smart Active Vibration Control System of a Wind Turbine Blade Using Piezoelectric Material	8
1.1 Introduction	8
1.1.1 Background	9
1.2 Theory and Modeling	11
1.2.1 The Euler-Bernoulli Beam Includes Piezoelectric Patches	11
1.2.2 Analytical Modeling of the Euler-Bernoulli Beam Includes PZT Patches	12
1.2.3 Assumed Mode Method	14
1.2.4 Finite Element Modeling	15
1.2.5 The Wind Turbine Blade Projection on the Euler-Bernoulli Beam	15
1.2.6 The Implementation of Control System	17
1.3 Results and Discussion	19
1.4 Conclusion	20
References	21
2 You Put How Many Tuned Mass Dampers in ONE Building?	23
2.1 Introduction	23
2.2 Performance Target	24
2.3 Vibration Control Solutions	24
2.3.1 Predictive Modeling	24
2.3.2 Structural Modifications	25
2.3.3 Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs)	25
2.4 Tuned Mass Damper Design and Testing	25
2.4.1 Initial Site Testing	25
2.4.2 Testing Methodology	26
2.4.3 Testing Equipment	26
2.4.4 Testing Results	26
2.4.5 Shop Testing	26
2.4.6 Testing Methodology	26
2.5 Commissioning Testing	27
2.5.1 Testing Methodology	27
2.5.2 Equipment	28
2.5.3 Measurement Results	28
2.6 Conclusions	28
Reference	28
3 Temperature Variation Modelling of an Assembled Three-Storey Structure	29
3.1 Introduction	29
3.2 Three-Storey Structure and the Digital Twin Operational Platform	29
3.3 Experimental Results	31
3.4 Model Updating of FEA Models	32
3.5 Beam FEA Modelling	33
3.6 High-Fidelity FEA Modelling	35
3.7 Conclusions	36
References	37
4 Modal Identification of a Railway Bridge Under Train Crossings: A Comparative Study	38
4.1 Introduction	38
4.2 The Railway Bridge	39
4.3 Instrumentation and Measurements	39
4.4 System Identification	40
4.4.1 Data Processing	40
4.4.2 Results and Discussion	41
4.5 Conclusions	43
References	44
5 Real-Time and Web-Based Structural Damage Detection Network for Multiple Structures	46
5.1 Introduction	46
5.2 Laboratory Structures and Monitoring System	47
5.3 Data Collection and Visualization on the Network	48
5.4 System Components, Database, and Web-Based Application	48
5.5 System Testing and Validation	50
5.6 Conclusions	51
References	51
6 Identification of Damage in Composite Beams Involving Both Flexural and Shear LinkDamages	54
6.1 Introduction	54
6.2 Background Theory-Governing Differential Equations for Free Vibration of Simply Supported Composite	55
6.3 General Effects of Flexural and Shear Link Damage on Stiffness Distribution, Modal Frequencies, and Mode Shapes	57
6.4 Identification of Damage in Composite Beams Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Finite Element Model Updating	59
6.5 Concluding Remarks	61
References	61
7 Anomaly Detection Through Long-Term SHM: Some Interesting Cases on Bridges	62
7.1 Introduction	62
7.2 The Monitored Structure	63
7.3 The Monitoring System	63
7.4 Anomaly Detection and Data Analytics	65
7.5 FE Numerical Digital Twin	67
7.6 Conclusion	68
References	70
8 A Framework for Developing Efficient Vehicle-Bridge Interaction Models Within a Commercial Finite Element Software	71
8.1 Introduction	71
8.2 Model Development	72
8.3 VBI Verification Study	75
8.4 Conclusion	76
References	77
9 Damaged Metamaterials: Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Tolerance	78
9.1 Introduction	78
9.2 Behavior of Damaged Metamaterials	79
9.2.1 Example Using Finite Element Models	79
9.3 Damage Detection	82
9.4 Damage Tolerance	85
9.4.1 Damped Resonators	85
9.4.2 Geometry Optimization	85
9.5 Conclusions and Future Work	89
Appendix	91
References	91
10 Indirect Bridge Health Monitoring Using Time-Frequency Analysis: Analytical and ExperimentalStudies	93
10.1 Introduction	93
10.2 Background	95
10.2.1 VBI in iBHM	95
10.2.2 WPT	96
10.3 Methodology	97
10.4 Numerical Investigation	97
10.5 Laboratory Experiment	97
10.6 Conclusion	101
References	102
11 Bayesian Uncertainty Assessment for Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete and Mechanical Properties of Steel Reinforcing Bar	103
11.1 Introduction	103
11.2 Background	104
11.2.1 Concrete Modulus of Elasticity	104
11.2.2 Stress–Strain Behavior of Steel Bars	104
11.2.3 Model Updating Using Bayesian Inference	105
11.3 Analysis	105
11.3.1 Model Updating of the Concrete Modulus of Elasticity	105
11.3.2 Model Updating of the Strain–Stress Curve of Steel Bars	107
11.4 Conclusion	109
References	110

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