Chapter 1 Smart Active Vibration Control System of a Wind Turbine Blade Using Piezoelectric Material Ali Hashemi and Jinwoo Jang Abstract Vibration suppression has become one of the major issues in sensitive structures. The active vibration control (AVC) has been widely used in the field of vibration damping in rotary structures. In this article, deriving analytical solution of lateral vibration and active vibration control of a wind turbine (WT) blade are investigated. First, a new semi-analytical solution is developed to obtain the lateral deflection of a wind turbine blade under external loadings. We propose a method to map a wind turbine blade to an Euler-Bernoulli beam with the same conditions, in order to find vibration and dynamic responses of the blade by solving analytical vibration solutions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam. Piezoelectric (PZT) material is used in this research as an actuator-sensor to excite the structures and sense the responses. The governing equations of the beam with piezoelectric patches are derived based on the integration of the piezoelectric transducer vibration equations into the vibration equations of the Euler-Bernoulli beam structure. Finite element model of the wind turbine blade with piezoelectric patches is developed. A unique transfer function matrix is derived. The beam structure is projected to the blade by using a unique transfer function matrix which is derived by exciting the structures and achieving responses. The results obtained from the mapping method are compared with the results achieved from the FE model of the blade. A satisfying agreement has been observed between the results. Next, in order to suppress the transverse vibration of the wind turbine blade, piezoelectric ceramic patches are used as an actuator in combination with linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control system. The obtained results show that the proposed smart control system contains PZT patches and LQR control system is able to efficiently suppress lateral vibration. Keywords Active vibration control · Smart structure · Structural dynamic · Analytical vibration analysis · Transfer function matrix · Piezoelectric actuator and sensor 1.1 Introduction The control of unwanted vibration of wind turbine blades plays a key role in ensuring wind turbines’ (WT) high efficiency and cost-effectiveness and also, increasing the structure’s lifetime. Blade vibrations cause extreme operation instability of wind turbines and even catastrophic failure of the whole turbine which must be prevented from. Many investigations have been conducted to control vibration of sensitive rotary structures by utilizing passive, active, and semi-active control systems. In order to damp the undesired vibration of structures, proper actuators are needed to apply controlling forces. Due to the changing blade dynamics and excitation conditions, passive control methods have been less utilized for rotating structures. Active control typically provides large vibration reduction which can be tremendously helpful in damping unwanted vibration of sensitive structures. This control process needs to employ smart materials. Among different smart materials, piezoelectrics have three unique advantages, being lightweight, low cost, and convenient usage, as well as provide sensing and actuating features which can make them an appropriate material for vibration control. Piezoelectric (PZT) transducers have been widely used in active vibration control systems owing to their special properties as sensor and actuator. PZT transducers have been utilized in various shapes and forms such as perfect layer along surfaces of structures or patches in different sizes. Piezoelectric-based vibration alleviation can reduce the unwanted vibration levels of rotating structures consequently abating the risk of high cycle fatigue while lowering blade weight and drag. In this research, we propose an active vibration control system with PZT patches as sensor and actuator. To simulate the implementation of active control rules on structures, we A. Hashemi · J. Jang ( ) Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA e-mail: jangj@fau.edu © The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2023 H. Y. Noh (eds.), Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 2, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05449-5_1 1
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTMzNzEzMQ==