48 B. Moynihan et al. 4 Conclusions The methods detailed in this paper allow for the computation of blade-root reaction forces and moments based on strain measurements taken at the roots by using parameters of an NREL reference turbine of a similar size and output to replace structural design details not available to the public. Initial results show that this method is a viable way to estimate the blades’ forces and moments, as the resolution of these forces onto the rotor results in a close match with the rotor forces according to the NREL reference turbine parameters. Discrepancies in this comparison may be due to the slight difference in size and different output capacities of the Clipper 2.5 MW turbine considered in this paper and the NREL 3 MW WindPACT reference turbine. Acknowledgments Partial support of the study by the National Science Foundation grant 1903972 is gratefully acknowledged. References 1. Wind Powers America Annual Report. Executive Summary, American Wind Energy Association. https://www.awea.org/getattachment/ Resources/Publications-and-Reports/Market-Reports/AMR2019_ExecutiveSummary/AMR2019_ExecutiveSummary_Download/ AWEA_WPA_ExecutiveSummary2019.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US (2019) 2. Operation and Maintenance Costs. Sandia Report No. SAND2006-1100. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (2006) 3. Tchakoua, P., Wamkeue, R., Ouhrouche, M., Hasnaoui, F., Tameghe, T., Andy, T., Ekemb, G.: Wind turbine condition monitoring: state-ofthe-art review, new trends, and future challenges. Energies. 7, 2595–2630 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3390/en7042595 4. Ribrant, J.: Reliability performance and maintenance—A survey of failures in wind power systems. Master’s Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2005–2006) 5. Pedregal, D.J., Garcia Marquez, F.P., Roberts, C.: An algorithmic approach for maintenance management. Ann. Oper. Res. 166, 109–124 (2009) 6. Condition monitoring. Wind Power Monthly. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/condition-monitoring-systems 7. Yang, W., Tavner, P.J., Crabtree, C., Feng, Y., Qiu, Y.: Wind turbine condition monitoring: technical and commercial challenges. Wind Energy. 17 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1508 8. Li, Y., et al.: Research and development of the wind turbine reliability. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 6(2) (2018) 9. Rinker, J., Dykes, K.: WindPACT Reference Wind Turbines. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-5000-67667. www.nrel.gov/publications (2018) 10. Fava, G., et al.: Estimating fatigue in the main bearings of wind turbines using experimental data. In: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series (2018)
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