30 On Key Technologies for Realising Digital Twins for Structural Dynamics Applications 269 30.2.2 Example Layout of Simulation Digital Twin A schematic representation of a simulation digital twin during an asset management phase of a wind turbine structure is shown in Fig. 30.2. Here, data sets are recorded from the physical twin, and control and scheduling commands fed back as required (enabling supervision and operation). The recorded data (potentially in real-time and from similar or legacy sources) are used for tasks in combination with the numerical model(s) and physical test-bed(s) (which can include further online devices, systems or databases) to give the required simulation capability. The interaction of these different elements is coordinated by a workflow, which also provides the user with visualisation and quantitative outputs. As noted above, the exact formulation of a digital twin is context dependent, and so the elements shown inside the digital twin box in Fig. 30.2 are called the building blocks required for this specific context. In this example the building blocks are data sets; control and scheduling; numerical models; physical test-beds; workflow; visualisation; and quantitative output data. The workflow has a central role in providing all the required processes that the digital twin is expected to perform. The workflow must also have a user interface enabling commands to be received from the users, and the quantitative and visual outputs to be provided. The workflow will coordinate and sequence the required processes based on the aims and objectives of the digital twin. The required processes themselves can be constructed from a series of “building blocks” within the workflow. The example considered here is of a simulation-twin requiring uncertainty Quantification (UQ), and so it shall be assumed that the required building blocks are: • physics-based modelling; • software integration and management; • verification & validation (V & V); • uncertainty quantification (UQ); • quantification of predictive confidence and diagnostics; • output visualisation (virtual inspection). In addition to a workflow process related to each building block, it is possible that additional workflow processes can be created by combining and further augmenting these underlying building blocks. For the current example, of a simulationtwin, the process related to data-augmented modelling is now considered. Fig. 30.2 Schematic representation of a simulation digital twin during an assessment management phase, showing the required elements for the simulation-twin and their interrelations
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