39 Dynamic Behavior and Output Charge Analysis of a Bistable Clamped-Ends Energy Harvester 277 at around the first natural frequency obtained from solving the free vibration of the undamped linear system (first natural frequency of the described model is obtained as ωn =38.3242 Hz). This indicates the significance of the concentrated mass added to the buckled beam to work as a low-frequency bistable energy harvester. Note that the compressive load applied to the system shifts the maximum amplitude toward the higher frequencies in the amplitude-frequency response due to the hardening behavior of the nonlinear structure. 39.3 Conclusion The importance of snap-through motion in the efficiency of the vibration energy harvesters has been reviewed in this study by accurately modeling a nonlinear bistable structure suitable for low operating frequency range. It has been shown that dividing the bistable structure into its components with the possibility of considering the dynamic effect of the concentrated mass as a boundary condition could lead to a more accurate model of the studied nonlinear system. Furthermore, adding more inertia to a bistable structure could result in better performance as an energy harvester under low-frequency exciting conditions. References 1. Kim, H.S., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J.: A review of piezoelectric energy harvesting based on vibration. Int. J. Prec. Eng. Manuf. 12(6), 1129–1141 (2011) 2. Harne, R.L., Wang, K.W.: A review of the recent research on vibration energy harvesting via bistable systems. Smart Mater. Struct. 22, 023001 (2013) 3. Cottone, F., Gammaitoni, L., Vocca, H., Ferrari, M., Ferrari, V.: Piezoelectric buckled beams for random vibration energy harvesting. Smart Mater. Struct. 21, 035021 (2012) 4. Vocca, H., Cottone, F., Neri, I., Gammaitoni, L.: A comparison between nonlinear cantilever and buckled beam for energy harvesting. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics. 222, 1699–1705 (2013) 5. Cottone, F., et al.: Bistable electromagnetic generator based on buckled beams for vibration energy harvesting. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 25(12), 1484–1495 (2014) 6. Derakhshani, M., Allgeier, B.E., Berfield, T.A.: Study on the fabrication process of a MEMS bistable energy harvester based on coupled component structures. In: Grady, M., et al. (eds.) Mechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, vol. 4, pp. 75–79. Springer, Cham (2019) 7. Pellegrini, S.P., et al.: Bistable vibration energy harvesters: a review. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 24(11), 1303–1312 (2013) 8. Navabi, M., Mirzaei, H.: θ-D based nonlinear tracking control of quadcopter. In 2016 4th International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM). IEEE (2016) 9. Samuel, C., Stanton, C.C.M., Mann, B.P.: Nonlinear dynamics for broadband energy harvesting: Investigation of a bistable piezoelectric inertial generator. Physica D. 239, 640–653 (2010) 10. Emam, S.A., Nayfeh, A.H.: Nonlinear responses of buckled beams to subharmonic-resonance excitations. Nonlinear Dyn. 35(2), 105–122 (2004) 11. Ghayesh, M.H., Amabili, M., Farokhi, H.: Global dynamics of an axially moving buckled beam. J. Vib. Control. 21(1), 195–208 (2015) 12. Emam, S.A., Nayfeh, A.H.: On the nonlinear dynamics of a buckled beam subjected to a primary-resonance excitation. Nonlinear Dyn. 35, 1–17 (2004) 13. Derakhshani, M., Berfield, T., Murphy, K.D.: Dynamic analysis of a bi-stable buckled structure for vibration energy harvester. In: Dynamic Behavior of Materials, vol. 1, pp. 199–208. Springer, Cham (2018) 14. Butt, Z., et al.: Generation of electrical energy using lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material: analytical, numerical and experimental verifications. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 30(8), 3553–3558 (2016)
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTMzNzEzMQ==