Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 6

FM	5
FM	5
Chapter 1: Scrap-Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Boron and Alumina	8
1.1 Introduction	8
1.2 Experimental Conditions	9
1.2.1 Materials Processing	9
1.2.2 Mechanical Tests and Microstructure of the Compositions	9
1.2.3 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test and 3D Optical Roughness Meter	10
1.2.4 Nanoindentation to Measure Constituent Properties	10
1.3 Results and Discussions	10
1.3.1 Dynamic Compression (Impact) Testing	10
1.3.2 Wear Testing	11
1.3.3 Nanoindentation	12
1.4 Conclusions	15
References	15
Chapter 2: Characterization of Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Joints for the Development of a Computational Framework	17
2.1 Introduction	17
2.2 Mechanical Characterization of Composite Material	19
2.3 Optical Characterization of Composite Material	22
2.4 Conclusions	24
2.5 Future Work	24
References	25
Chapter 3: Experimental Study of Laser Cutting Process of Titanium Aluminium (Ti-Al) Based Composites Designed Through Combine...	26
3.1 Introduction	26
3.2 Experimental Conditions	27
3.2.1 Manufacturing of Intermetallic Composite: Composition of the Specimens Designed in this Work Was Arranged as Follows	27
3.2.2 Wearing-Scratch Tests	27
3.2.3 Laser Cutting Process and Cutting Parameters	27
3.3 Results and Discussions	28
3.3.1 Microstructural Evaluation of the Intermetallic Composite	28
3.3.2 Evaluation of Surface Wearing by Scratch Test Results	29
3.3.3 Evaluation of the Results of Laser Cutting Process	29
3.3.4 Integrity of Surface After Laser Cutting	33
3.4 Conclusions	35
References	36
Chapter 4: Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy: Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Nanoparticles	37
4.1 Introduction	37
4.2 Experimental Conditions	38
4.2.1 Materials Processing	38
4.2.2 Mechanical Behaviours and Microstructural Analyses	39
4.2.3 Creep and Wear Analyses Through Nanoindentation Tests	39
4.2.4 Damage Analysis by Means of Macro Scratch Test	39
4.3 Results and Discussions	40
4.3.1 Microstructure Analyses and Macro Indentation Compression Tests	40
4.3.2 Dynamic Compression (Impact) Testing	41
4.3.3 Creep Testing by Nanoindentation	43
4.3.4 Wear Testing by Nanoindentation	43
4.3.5 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test and 3D Optical Roughness Meter	43
4.4 Conclusions	46
References	46
Chapter 5: Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy - Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Nano Graphene	48
5.1 Introduction	48
5.2 Experimental Conditions	49
5.2.1 Materials Processing	49
5.2.2 Mechanical Tests and Microstructural Analyses	49
5.2.3 Nanoindentation: Creep and Wear Tests	50
5.2.4 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test and 3D Optical Roughness Meter	51
5.3 Results and Discussion	51
5.3.1 Microstructure Evaluation and Macro Indentation Compression Tests	51
5.3.2 Dynamic Compression (Impact) Testing	51
5.3.3 Creep Testing by Nanoindentation	52
5.3.4 Wear Testing by Nanoindentation	55
5.3.5 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test and 3D Optical Roughness Meter	55
5.3.6 Bending Testing by Means of three Point Bending	55
5.4 Conclusions	60
References	60
Chapter 6: Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy - Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Alumina Fibers	61
6.1 Introduction	61
6.2 Experimental Conditions	62
6.2.1 Materials Processing	62
6.2.2 Mechanical Tests and Microstructural Analyses	62
6.2.3 Nanoindentation: Creep and Wear Tests	63
6.2.4 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test	63
6.3 Results and Discussions	64
6.3.1 Microstructure of the Composites and Macro Indentation Tests	64
6.3.2 Dynamic Compression (Impact) Testing	64
6.3.3 Creep Testing by Nanoindentation	66
6.3.4 Wear Testing by Nanoindentation	67
6.3.5 Damage Analysis by Means of Scratch Test and 3D Optical Roughness Meter	68
6.3.6 Bending Testing by Means of three Point Bending	69
6.3.7 UV Degradation on Specimens	71
6.4 Conclusions	71
References	72
Chapter 7: Scaled Composite I-Beams for Subcomponent Testing of Wind Turbine Blades: An Experimental Study	73
7.1 Introduction	73
7.2 Governing Equations	74
7.3 Design Methodology	76
7.3.1 Experimental Results and Discussion	77
7.4 Conclusion	79
References	79
Chapter 8: Development Analysis of a Stainless Steel Produced by High Energy Milling Using Chips and the Addition of Vanadium ...	81
8.1 Introduction	81
8.2 Experimental	82
8.2.1 Materials	82
8.2.2 Experimental Statistical	82
8.2.3 Experimental Procedure	82
8.3 Results and Discussion	83
8.3.1 Analysis Statistics of the Milling Parameters	83
8.3.2 Microstructural Characterization of the Powder Particles	84
8.3.3 Microstructural Characterization and Density Measurements of Sintered Stainless Steel with Carbide Addition	88
8.4 Conclusion	90
8.5 Acknowledges	90
References	90
Chapter 9: Design of Magnetic Aluminium (A356) Based Composites through Combined 2 Method of Sinter + Forging 3	91
9.1 Introduction	91
9.2 Experimental Conditions	92
9.3 Results and Discussion	93
9.3.1 Microstructural Evaluation of the Composites A356-I and A356-II	93
9.3.2 Static Compression Test Results	95
9.3.3 Impact: Compression Test Results with Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB)	96
9.3.4 Wear Resistance by Scratch Test	96
9.3.5 Evaluation of Magnetic Properties for A356-I and A356-II	98
9.3.6 Measurements of Electrical Properties	99
9.4 Conclusion	101
References	101
Chapter 10: Design of Low Composites from Recycled Copper + Aluminium Chips for Tribological Applications	103
10.1 Introduction	103
10.2 Experimental Conditions	104
10.3 Results and Discussion	105
10.3.1 Microstructural Evaluation of the Composite under Different Manufacturing Conditions	105
10.3.2 Static Compression Test Results	106
10.3.3 Dynamic Compression (Impact-Drop-Weight) Testing	107
10.3.4 Wear Resistance by Scratch Test	107
10.3.5 Measurements of Electrical Properties	109
10.4 Conclusion	111
References	111
Chapter 11: Liquid Metal Dispersions for Stretchable Electronics	113
11.1 Introduction	113
11.2 Experimental	113
11.3 Results and Discussion	114
11.4 Conclusions	115
References	115
Chapter 12: Laser Cutting of the TiN +Al2O3 Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites Through Semisolid Sintering	116
12.1 Introduction	116
12.2 Experimental Conditions	117
12.2.1 Manufacturing of Composites and Microstructural Evaluation	117
12.2.2 Laser Cutting Process and Cutting Parameters	118
12.3 Results and Discussions	118
12.3.1 Microstructure of (TiN +Al2O3) Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites	118
12.3.2 Evaluation of the Results for Laser Cutting Process	119
12.3.2.1 Evolution of Micro-Hardness as a Function of the Laser Cutting Conditions	123
12.3.2.2 Evolution of Surface Roughness as Function of Cutting Conditions	124
12.4 Conclusions	126
References	130
Chapter 13: Optimization of Laser Cutting Parameters for Tailored Behaviour of Scrap (Ti6242 + Ti) Based Composites Through Se...	131
13.1 Introduction	131
13.2 Experimental Conditions	132
13.2.1 Manufacturing of Composites and Microstructural Evaluation	132
13.2.2 Laser Cutting Process and Cutting Parameters	132
13.3 Results and Discussion	133
13.3.1 Microstructure of ((Ti6242 + Pure Ti) Based Composites	133
13.3.2 Evaluation of the Results for Laser Cutting Process	133
13.3.2.1 Evolution of Micro-Hardness as a Function of the Laser Cutting Conditions	139
13.3.2.2 Evolution and Optimization of Surface Roughness Depending on the three Cutting Conditions	140
13.4 Conclusions	142
References	142
Chapter 14: Studying Effect of CO2 Laser Cutting Parameters of Titanium Alloy on Heat Affected Zone and Kerf Width Using the T...	143
14.1 Introduction	143
14.2 Experimental Condition	144
14.3 Results and Discussion	144
14.3.1 HAZ Depth Analysis	144
14.3.2 Kerf Width Analysis	146
14.3.3 Results Analysis Using Taguchi Method	148
14.4 Conclusion	150
References	150
Chapter 15: Fatigue Characterization of In-Situ Self-Healing Dental Composites	151
15.1 Introduction	151
15.2 Methods	152
15.2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation	152
15.2.2 Fatigue Procedure	153
15.3 Results and Discussions	153
15.4 Conclusions	154
References	155
Chapter 16: Effect of Process Induced Stresses on Measurement of FRP Strain Energy Release Rates	156
16.1 Introduction	156
16.2 Material	157
16.3 Experimental Procedure	157
16.3.1 DCB Testing	157
16.3.2 ENF Testing	158
16.4 Results	161
16.4.1 DCB Results	161
16.4.2 ENF Results	163
16.5 Simulation Methodology	165
16.5.1 Analysis Software	165
16.5.2 Element Formulation	165
16.5.3 Material Models	166
16.5.4 Model Geometry	167
16.5.5 Boundary Conditions	168
16.6 Simulation Results	169
16.6.1 DCB Simulations Without Bondline Contraction	169
16.6.2 DCB Simulations with Bondline Contractions	170
16.6.3 ENF Simulations with Bondline Contractions	170
16.7 Conclusion	171
References	173
Chapter 17: Characterization of UV Degraded Carbon Fiber-Matrix Interphase Using AFM Indentation	174
17.1 Introduction	174
17.2 Quantifying Fiber: Bias Effect in Indentation Data	175
17.3 UV Degradation	175
17.4 Conclusion	176
References	177
Chapter 18: A Study on Mechanical Properties of Treated Sisal Polyester Composites	178
18.1 Introduction	178
18.2 Materials and Methods	180
18.3 Results and Discussions	181
18.4 Conclusions	181
References	183
Chapter 19: Strain-Rate-Dependent Failure Criteria for Composite Laminates: Application of the Northwestern Failure Theory to ...	185
19.1 Introduction	185
19.2 Strain-Rate Effects on Matrix-Dependent Properties	185
19.3 Application to Additional Carbon-Epoxy Material Systems	189
19.4 Application to Glass-Epoxy Systems	192
19.5 Summary and Conclusions	194
References	194
Chapter 20: Progressive Failure Analysis of Multi-Directional Composite Laminates Based on the Strain-Rate-Dependent Northwest...	195
20.1 Introduction	195
20.2 Specimen Fabrication and Testing	196
20.3 Crossply Laminates	196
20.4 Crossply Results	197
20.5 Crossply First Ply Failure	198
20.6 Application of the Northwestern Failure Theory to FPF of Crossply Laminates	200
20.7 Comparison to AS4/3501-6 Material System	200
20.8 Quasi-Isotropic Laminates	202
20.9 Quasi-Isotropic Laminate First Ply Failure	202
20.10 Application of Northwestern Failure Theory to Quasi-Isotropic Laminates	203
20.11 Summary and Conclusions	208
References	210
Chapter 21: Experimental Mechanics for Multifunctional Composites and Next Generation UAVs	213
21.1 Introduction	213
21.1.1 Multifunctional Concepts for Next Generation UAVs	213
21.1.2 Tailoring the Building Block Approach to Accelerate Development	215
21.2 Multiscale Experimental Mechanics of CNT-Based Hair Sensors	216
21.2.1 CNT Array Mechanics	216
21.2.2 Internal Mechanics of Hair-Like CNT-Based Sensor	217
21.2.3 Application of Hair-Like Micro-Cantilever Sensor to Bonded Joints	218
21.3 Conclusion	218
References	219

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