102 M.T. Huber et al. Fig. 9.5 Time of flight versus sample thickness for fabricated bone. (a) Vibrometer measured data. (b) Transducer measured data 9.5 Conclusions This study compared a vibrometer used with refracto-vibrometry techniques to conventional transducers. By scanning the vibrometer beam, it was possible to create videos of the transducer transmitting ultrasonic pulses through water. This is valuable because it allows for examination of the ways sound is reflected off and transmitted through various materials. Looking at how ultrasound scatters off a diffuse scattering media like bone is of particular interest as Osteoporosis diagnosis is commonly done by making inferences on bone structure from the signals that pass through the bone. The refracto-vibrometry technique was shown to be comparable to transducers when it comes to make quantitative measurements of ultrasound waves. Speed of sound calculations through both homogeneous and heterogeneous solids produced results that believable given the sample size and potential for error. These experiments demonstrate that refractovibrometry is a viable non-invasive method for characterizing sound fields and obtaining speed of sound measurements through a diverse array of materials. Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1300591. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Research reported in this paper was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R15AR066900. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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