Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6

Preface	6
Contents	8
Chapter 1: Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Structural Health Monitoring	10
1.1 Introduction	10
1.2 Motivation	11
1.3 Experimental Procedure	12
1.4 Results and Discussion	12
1.4.1 Detection of Specimen Load State	13
1.4.2 Detection of Specimen Damage State	16
1.4.3 Detection of Specimen Fatigue State	16
1.5 Conclusions	20
References	20
Chapter 2: In situ Observation of NiTi Transformation Behaviour: A Micro-Macro Approach	21
2.1 Introduction	21
2.2 Previous Studies	22
2.3 Experimental Techniques	23
2.3.1 Testing Stage	23
2.3.2 Optical Microscopy	23
2.4 Specimen Preparation	24
2.4.1 Specimen Characterisation	24
2.5 Test Plan	25
2.6 Predictions and Limitations	26
2.7 Closing Remarks	27
References	28
Chapter 3: Bio-Inspired Design of a Multi-scale Pass Band Frequency Sensor Using Local Resonance Phenomena	29
3.1 Introduction and Literature Review	29
3.2 Numerical Approach	31
3.3 Experimental Approach	31
3.3.1 Fabrication	31
3.3.2 Testing	32
3.4 Results and Discussion	33
3.5 Conclusion	34
References	34
Chapter 4: Dynamic Equations for an Isotropic Spherical Shell Using Power Series Method and Surface Differential Operators	36
4.1 Introduction	36
4.2 Problem Formulation	37
4.3 The Shell Equations	38
4.4 Results	41
4.5 Conclusions	42
References	43
Chapter 5: Hydrogen Embrittlement and ``Cold Fusion´´ Effects in Palladium During Electrolysis Experiments	44
5.1 Introduction	44
5.2 Experimental Set Up	45
5.3 Neutron Emission Measurements	46
5.4 Compositional Analysis of the Pd Electrode	46
5.5 Nickel Electrode Composition Analysis	50
5.6 Conclusions	53
References	53
Chapter 6: Torque Arm Actuated Bi-Stable Buckled Energy Harvester Characterization	55
6.1 Introduction	55
6.2 Experimental Procedure	56
6.2.1 Energy Harvesting Device Fabrication	56
6.2.2 Vibration Loading Frequency Sweeps	57
6.3 Results	57
6.4 Discussion	59
6.5 Conclusions	59
References	60
Chapter 7: Validating FSI Simulations in LS-DYNA 971 R7	61
7.1 Introduction	61
7.2 Experimental	62
7.3 Summary and Conclusions	64
References	64
Chapter 8: Fundamental Frequencies of Slender Beams Subject to Imposed Axial End Displacements	65
8.1 Introduction	65
8.2 Experimental Setup	66
8.3 Experimental Equipment and Procedure	67
8.4 Experimental Results	68
8.5 Multi-body Dynamic Simulations	70
8.6 Conclusions	71
References	71
Chapter 9: Characterization of a Heating and Quenching Apparatus for Microgravity Testing	73
9.1 Introduction	73
9.2 Microgravity Experimental Testing Apparatus	74
9.2.1 Pre-heat Furnace	75
9.2.2 Annealing Furnace	76
9.3 Experimental Program	77
9.4 Analysis	77
9.5 Conclusions	79
References	79
Chapter 10: Phase Unwrapping Work Done via Graphic Processing Unit	80
10.1 Introduction	80
10.2 Parallel Processing	80
10.3 Phase Stepping Photoelasticity	81
10.4 The Proposed Method	82
10.5 Conclusions	83
References	83
Chapter 11: Classification of Low Velocity Impact Using Spiral Sensing Technique	84
11.1 Introduction	84
11.2 Analysis	85
11.3 Modified Clerence Zener Theory	87
11.4 Experiment	87
11.5 Feature Extraction Techniques	89
11.6 Parametric Model Study	90
11.7 Conclusion	92
References	92
Chapter 12: Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling	93
12.1 Introduction	93
12.2 Mathematical Background	94
12.3 Finite Element Analysis	94
12.4 Analytical Model	97
12.5 Results	98
12.6 Discussion	100
12.7 Conclusions	100
References	101
Chapter 13: Residual Stress Response to Peening in Metallic Glass	102
13.1 Introduction	102
13.2 Materials and Methods	103
13.3 Results	104
13.4 Discussion	105
13.5 Conclusions	106
References	106
Chapter 14: Residual Stress Modeling and Measurement in Aluminum Wrought Alloys	108
14.1 Introduction	108
14.2 Residual Stress Modeling of Quenching	109
14.3 Residual Stress Measurement	110
14.3.1 Strain Gauge Rosette Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement	110
14.3.2 X-ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurement	111
14.4 Residual Stress Comparison and Discussion	113
14.5 Conclusions	114
References	114
Chapter 15: Notch Fatigue Behaviour of Shot Peened High-Strength Aluminium Alloys: Role of the Residual Stress Field Ahead of ...	116
15.1 Introduction	116
15.2 Materials and Experimental Procedures	117
15.3 Results and Discussion	120
15.3.1 Residual Stress Field	120
15.3.2 Fatigue Behaviour	122
15.4 Conclusions	123
References	124
Chapter 16: Residual Stress of Individual Aluminum Grains from Three Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction	125
16.1 Introduction	125
16.2 Material and Experimental Setup	126
16.3 Microstructures of Aluminum	127
16.4 Results and Discussion	127
16.4.1 Calibration	127
16.4.2 3D Diffraction from Bent Aluminum	129
16.4.3 Stress from a Single Grain	129
16.5 Conclusion	131
References	132
Chapter 17: Incremental Ring Core by Optical Methods: Preliminary Results	133
17.1 The Ring Core Method for Residual Stress Measurement	133
17.2 Incremental Ring Core	134
17.3 Experimental Validation	137
17.4 Conclusions	138
References	138
Chapter 18: Uncertainty Quantification in VFM Identification	139
18.1 Introduction	139
18.2 Modified Arcan Test	140
18.3 Identification Simulator	141
18.4 Experimental Results	141
18.5 Conclusion	143
References	143
Chapter 19: Modal Identification of Over-Damped Structural Systems Using Extended Ibrahim Time-Domain Method	145
19.1 Introduction	145
19.2 Original ITD Method	146
19.3 Extended ITD Method for Over-Damped Systems	146
19.4 Numerical Simulation	148
19.5 Conclusions	149
References	150
Chapter 20: Structural Health Monitoring by Laser Shearography: Experimental and Numerical Investigations	151
20.1 Introduction	151
20.2 Principles of Laser Shearography	152
20.3 Prediction of Shearographic Fringes by FEM and Analytical Solutions	152
20.3.1 Comparison of FEM and Analytical Solutions	153
20.3.2 Fringe Prediction	153
20.4 Representative Results	154
20.4.1 Fringe Prediction Results	154
20.4.2 Experimental Results for Validating Fringe Prediction Results	155
20.4.3 Projection of Shearographic Results on the Sample	155
20.5 Conclusion and Future Work	156
References	157
Chapter 21: On Improving Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Data Near Edges of Discontinuities	158
21.1 Introduction	158
21.1.1 Thermoelastic Stress Analysis	159
21.2 Predicting Stresses Near Edges	159
21.2.1 Airy Stress Function	160
21.2.2 Traction-Free Boundary Conditions	160
21.3 TSA Experiment	161
21.4 Analysis and Results	161
21.5 Conclusion	163
References	163
Chapter 22: Measurement of Stress Network in Granular Materials from Infrared Measurement	164
22.1 Introduction	164
22.2 Methodology	165
22.3 Experimental Results	166
22.4 Simulations	166
22.5 Conclusion	167
References	167
Chapter 23: Influence of Relative Humidity on the Thermomechanical Behavior of PA6.6	168
23.1 Introduction	168
23.2 Governing Equations	169
23.2.1 Energy Balance	169
23.2.2 Thermodynamic Foundations of the Heat Equation	170
23.3 Experimental Procedure	171
23.3.1 IRT Techniques	171
23.3.2 DIC Techniques	172
23.3.3 Synchronization System	172
23.4 Experimental Results	173
23.4.1 Thermal Response	173
23.4.2 Energy Rate Balance	174
23.4.2.1 Loading Frequency Effect	174
23.4.2.2 Relative Humidity Effect	175
23.5 Concluding Comments	176
References	177
Chapter 24: Temperature Field in FSW Process: Experimental Measurement and Numerical Simulation	178
24.1 Introduction	178
24.2 Material and Methods	179
24.2.1 Temperature Measurement	180
24.2.2 Numerical Model	180
24.3 Results	182
24.4 Conclusion	185
References	186
Chapter 25: Dynamics of Strain Localization Associated with Lüders Deformation: An Insight	188
25.1 Introduction	188
25.2 Material and Experimental Study	189
25.3 Results and Discussion	189
25.4 Summary and Conclusion	193
References	195
Chapter 26: Raman Spectroscopy-Enhanced IIT: In Situ Analysis of Mechanically Stressed Polycrystalline Si Thin Films	196
26.1 Introduction	196
26.2 Experimental Details	197
26.2.1 Experimental Setup	197
26.2.2 Test Specimen	197
26.2.3 Mapping Experiment	198
26.2.4 Analysis of Raman Spectra	198
26.2.5 Determination of the Contact Pressure and Indentation Strain	199
26.3 Results and Discussion	199
26.4 Conclusion	202
References	202

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