Fracture, Fatigue, Failure, and Damage Evolution, Volume 5

Preface	6
Contents	8
1 Simulation of Arbitrary Mixed-Mode Crack Growth Using an Energy-Based Approach	10
1.1 Introduction	10
1.2 The Mixed-Mode Virtual Crack Extension Method	11
1.2.1 Virtual Crack Extension Formulation	11
1.2.2 3-D Mixed-Mode Virtual Crack Extension Formulation	12
1.2.3 Numerical Examples	13
1.3 Crack Growth Formulation	15
1.3.1 Crack Trajectory Criterion	15
1.3.2 Basis-Function Growth Approach	16
1.4 Conclusions	17
References	17
2 Experimental and Predicted Crack Paths for Al-2024-T351 Under Mixed-Mode I/II Fatigue	19
2.1 Introduction	19
2.2 Experimental Work	21
2.2.1 Fixture and Specimen	21
2.2.2 Set Up	21
2.2.3 Load Prediction	22
2.2.4 Procedure	23
2.3 Theoretical Work	23
2.3.1 Approach	23
2.3.2 Geometry, Mesh Generation and Boundary Conditions	23
2.4 Results	24
2.5 Discussion	24
2.6 Conclusions	27
References	28
3 On Numerical Evaluation of Mixed Mode Crack Propagation Coupling Mechanical and Thermal Loads in Wood Material	29
3.1 Introduction	29
3.2 Analytical Formulation of the Invariant Integrals T and A	30
3.3 Numerical Implementation	31
3.4 Application to Wood Material	32
3.5 Conclusion	32
References	34
4 Curvilinear Fatigue Crack Growth Under Out-of-Phase Loading Conditions	35
4.1 Introduction	35
4.2 Theoretical Development	37
4.3 Validation Experiments	39
4.4 Finite Element Model and Results of Validation Simulation	39
4.5 Conclusions	41
References	41
5 Fracture Surface Transition for Notched Bars in Torsion	43
5.1 Introduction	43
5.2 Experimental Method	44
5.2.1 Samples and Loading	44
5.2.2 Nominal Stress Intensity Factors	45
5.3 Results	45
5.4 Summary and Future Work	45
References	47
6 Mixed Mode Evaluation of Different Grinding Depths in FRPC Repairs	48
6.1 Introduction	48
6.2 Specimen Preparation	49
6.3 Testing and Calculations	50
6.4 Results and Discussion	51
6.5 Conclusions	53
References	55
7 Through Thickness Fracture Behavior of Transversely Graded Ti/TiB Material	57
7.1 Introduction	57
7.2 Materials and Specimen Geometry	58
7.3 Experimental Procedure	58
7.4 Stress Intensity Factor	58
7.5 Results and Discussion	59
References	62
8 Coalescence and Growth of Two Semi-Elliptical Coplanar Cracks in API-5L Grade B Steel	63
8.1 Introduction	63
8.2 Background Information	64
8.3 Experimental Procedure and Material	64
8.3.1 Material Properties	64
8.3.2 Specimen Preparation and Geometry	66
8.3.3 Test Procedure	66
8.4 Results and Discussion	67
8.4.1 Surface Crack Monitoring	67
8.4.2 Crack Depth Monitoring	69
8.5 Conclusions	71
References	72
9 Measurement of Crack Tip Displacement Field in Desiccating Paste	73
9.1 Introduction	73
9.2 Experimental Methods	74
9.3 Evaluation Method of Stress Intensity Factors	74
9.4 Experimental Result	75
9.5 Discussion	77
9.6 Conclusions	78
References	78
10 Characterization of Fracture Behavior of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement Paste Using Digital Image Correlation	79
10.1 Introduction	79
10.2 Experimental Program	80
10.2.1 Materials	80
10.2.2 Preparation of MWCNT-Reinforced Cement Paste and Mortar	80
10.2.3 Specimens, Test Setup and Protocol	80
10.3 Results and Discussion	81
10.3.1 Compressive Strength	81
10.3.2 SEM Analysis	82
10.3.3 Flexural Strength, Stiffness, and Fracture Behavior	82
10.3.4 Fracture Process Zone	83
10.4 Conclusions	84
References	85
11 Characterization of Structural Scale Ductile Fracture of Aluminum Panels Using Digital Image Correlation	86
11.1 Introduction	86
11.2 Experimental Setup	87
11.3 Test Matrix	88
11.4 Test Results	89
11.5 Conclusions	91
References	92
12 Creep Damage Quantification and Post-fire Residual Strength of 5083 Aluminum Alloy	93
12.1 Introduction	93
12.2 Materials and Sample Geometry	94
12.3 Experimental Methods	94
12.3.1 Creep Tests	94
12.3.2 Microstructure Quantification	96
12.4 Results and Discussion	96
12.4.1 Creep Samples	96
12.4.2 Damage Quantification	96
12.4.2.1 Cavitation Evolution	96
12.4.2.2 Dynamic Microstructure Evolution	99
12.4.2.3 Post-fire Residual Material Strength	100
12.5 Conclusion	101
References	102
13 Nanoindentation Measurements on Rocks	103
13.1 Introduction	103
13.2 Objective	104
13.3 Sample Preparation	104
13.4 Results	104
13.5 Wolfcamp Shale	105
13.6 Lyons Sandstone	106
13.7 Sioux Quartzite	107
13.8 Indiana Limestone	107
13.9 Pyrophyllite	108
13.10 Conclusion	108
References	109
14 Anelasticity in Al-Alloy Thin Films: A Micro-mechanical Analysis	110
14.1 Introduction	110
14.2 On-Wafer Mechanical Tests for Characterization of Long-Term Anelasticity	110
14.3 Characterization of Al-(1 wt%)Cu Specimens [14CR44]	111
14.4 Results on Time-Dependent Anelastic Mechanics [14CR55]	111
14.5 Conclusions	112
References	115
15 Oxide Driven Strength Degradation on (111) Silicon	116
15.1 Introduction	116
15.2 Sample Fabrication	117
15.3 Fracture Testing Procedure	118
15.4 Fracture Strength Data	119
15.5 Summary	120
References	120
16 Impact of Speckle Pattern Parameters on DIC Strain Resolution Calculated from In-situ SEM Experiments	121
16.1 Introduction	121
16.2 Experimental	122
16.3 Results and Discussion	123
16.3.1 Speckle Pattern	123
16.3.2 VIC-2D Parameters	125
16.3.3 Deformed Samples	126
16.4 Conclusions	127
References	127
17 Very High-Cycle Fatigue Resistance of Shot Peened High-Strength Aluminium Alloys: Role of Surface Morphology	129
17.1 Introduction	129
17.2 Materials and Experimental Procedures	130
17.3 Results and Discussion	132
17.3.1 Surface Characteristics	132
17.3.2 Fatigue Curves	134
17.3.3 Residual Stress Evolution During Fatigue Life	135
17.3.4 SEM Analysis of Fracture Surfaces	136
17.3.5 Simulation of the Fatigue Response	138
17.4 Conclusions	139
References	140
18 Experimental Characterization of Semi-Rigidity of Standardized Lattice Beam Using the Grid Method	141
18.1 Introduction	141
18.2 Experimental Setup	142
18.2.1 Specimen and Loading Conditions	142
18.2.2 The Grid Method	143
18.3 Results and Discussions	143
18.4 Conclusion	143
References	145
19 Characterization of Martensitic Transformation Morphology in Wide Hysteresis Shape Memory Alloys	146
19.1 Introduction	146
19.2 Experimental Methodology	148
19.3 Results and Discussion	149
19.4 Conclusions	151
References	152
20 Study of Phase Transformation Intermittency in S.M.A. Using the Grid Method	153
20.1 Introduction	153
20.2 Material and Experimental Setup	154
20.3 Results	154
20.4 Conclusion	155
References	155
21 In-Situ X-Rays Diffraction and Multiscale Modeling of Shape Memory Alloys	157
21.1 Introduction	157
21.2 Motivation	158
21.3 Material and Experimental Set Up	158
21.3.1 Ni49.95at%Ti Sample	158
21.3.2 Tests and Experimental Devices	159
21.4 Results	160
21.4.1 Reference Measurement: Austenite Diffractogram at 50 C	160
21.4.2 Results Obtained Under Thermal Solicitations	162
21.4.3 Results Obtained During Uniaxial Tensile Test at the Room Temperature	163
21.5 Conclusion	164
References	164
22 Failure Mode Transition in Fiber Composite Fatigue	165
22.1 Introduction	165
22.2 Experimental Methods	165
22.3 Modeling	166
22.4 Results	168
22.5 Conclusions	171
References	171
23 Fracture Toughness and Impact Damage Resistance of Nanoreinforced Carbon/Epoxy Composites	173
23.1 Introduction	173
23.2 Material Processing	174
23.3 Mode-II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness	175
23.4 Mode-II Fracture Toughness	176
23.5 Impact Testing	177
23.6 Conclusions	179
References	179
24 Fatigue Behavior of Glass-Bubbles Modified Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints	181
24.1 Introduction	181
24.2 Materials	182
24.2.1 Processing of Glass-Bubble Modified Adhesives and Manufacturing of Samples	182
24.3 Experimental Setup	183
24.4 Result and Discussion	184
24.4.1 Tensile Test	184
24.4.2 Single-Lap Joint Static Tests	184
24.4.3 Fatigue Tests	185
24.5 Conclusion	186
References	187
25 Experimental Observations of Dynamic Delamination in Curved [0] and [0/90] Composite Laminates	188
25.1 Introduction	188
25.2 Experimental Method	189
25.3 Results	191
25.3.1 Unidirectional [0]17 Lay-up	191
25.3.2 Cross-ply [(90/0)4, 90]s Lay-up	191
25.4 Conclusions	194
References	195
26 Fatigue Failure of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Subject to Contamination	196
26.1 Introduction	196
26.2 Fatigue Experiment	197
26.3 Destructive Tests	198
26.4 Ultrasound Experiment	199
26.5 Discussion and Conclusions	200
References	201
27 Creep Crack Growth in High-Temperature Impure Helium Environments	202
27.1 Introduction	202
27.2 Experimental Methods	203
27.3 Results and Discussion	204
27.4 Conclusion	205
References	208
28 High-Frequency Resonance Phenomena in Materials Subjected to Mechanical Stress	209
28.1 Introduction	209
28.2 Material and Methods	210
28.2.1 Acoustic Piezoelectric Transducer	210
28.2.2 EM Detecting Device	210
28.2.3 He3 Neutron Proportional Counter	210
28.2.4 High-Speed Light Detector	211
28.2.5 Agilent 3000 Series Oscilloscope	211
28.3 Experimental Results	211
28.3.1 Compression Tests on Brittle Rock Specimens	211
28.3.2 Preliminary Test on High Frequency Vibration Detection	212
28.4 Conclusions	216
References	217
29 Electromagnetic Emission as Failure Precursor Phenomenon for Seismic Activity Monitoring	219
29.1 Introduction	219
29.2 Material and Methods	220
29.2.1 Dedicated Loop Antenna	220
29.2.2 Acoustic Piezoelectric Transducer	220
29.2.3 3He Proportional Counter	221
29.3 Experimental Results	221
29.3.1 Laboratory Tests on Cylindrical Gypsum Specimens	221
29.3.2 In Situ Environmental Monitoring	224
29.4 Conclusions	226
References	226
30 Wireless Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structural Behavior	228
30.1 Introduction	228
30.2 AE Equipment and Wireless Transmission System	229
30.3 Real Time AE Analysis: Damage Evolution	230
30.3.1 Basic Principle of AIC Criterion	231
30.4 AE Monitoring of the Double Girder Bridge Crane	233
30.5 Conclusions	233
References	235
31 Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Rock Specimens During Fatigue Tests	236
31.1 Introduction	236
31.2 Experimental Set Up Materials and AE Equipment	237
31.3 AE Analysis: Damage Evolution	238
31.3.1 Damage Level and Damage Acceleration: Cumulated AE and t Exponent	238
31.3.2 The b-Value and the Damage Fractal Domain	239
31.4 Experimental Results	239
31.5 Conclusions	242
References	242
32 Hybrid thermography and acoustic emission testing of fatigue crack propagation in Aluminum Samples	244
32.1 Introduction	244
32.2 Materials and Methods	244
32.3 Results and Discussion	245
32.4 Conclusions	248
References	248

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