Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2

Preface	6
Contents	8
Chapter 1: Unimorph Shape Memory Polymer Actuators Incorporating Transverse Curvature in the Substrate	10
1.1 Introduction	10
1.2 Unimorph Composite Actuator Experimental Procedure	12
1.2.1 Unimorph Composite Actuator (UCA) Fabrication	12
1.2.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Set-Up	12
1.2.3 Environmental Chamber Set-Up	12
1.2.4 UCA Sample Holder Set-Up	13
1.2.5 Procedure to Measure UCA Recoverability	13
Step-by-Step Procedure to Measure Shape Recovery of the UCA Using DIC	13
1.3 Unimorph Composite Actuator Results	14
1.4 Conclusion	18
References	19
Chapter 2: Yield Criterion for Polymeric Matrix Under Static and Dynamic Loading	20
2.1 Introduction	10
2.2 Material Characterization	12
2.3 Yield Criterion	12
2.4 Summary and Conclusions	12
References	19
Chapter 3: Investigating Uncertainty in SHPB Modeling and Characterization of Soft Materials	29
3.1 Introduction	10
3.2 Experimental Setup and Data	12
3.3 Material Models	12
3.4 Model Calibration	12
3.5 Results	12
3.6 Conclusions and Future Work	13
References	19
Chapter 4: Diffusion of Chemically Reacting Fluids through Nonlinear Elastic Solids and 1D Stabilized Solutions	39
4.1 General Mixture Theory	39
4.1.1 Modeling Assumptions and Methodology	42
4.2 Weak Form and Development of Stabilized Method	42
4.2.1 Weak Form of Equations for the Fluid	42
4.2.2 Weak Form of Equations for the Solid	42
4.2.3 Fluid Sub-system: Residual-Based Stabilization	43
4.2.4 Solution of the Fine Scale Problem	43
4.3 Numerical Results	44
4.3.1 Fick´s Diffusion Problem	44
4.3.2 Oxidation of PMR-15 Resin	44
4.3.3 Slurry Infiltration Problem	47
References	48
Chapter 5: Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Property Degradation of Polymeric Materials	49
5.1 Introduction	10
5.2 Experimental	12
5.3 Results	12
5.3.1 Experimental Data and Model Prediction	12
5.3.2 Material Property Change	12
5.4 Conclusion	13
References	19
Chapter 6: Small Strain Plasticity Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel in Glass-to-Metal Seal Applications	56
6.1 Material	10
6.2 Experimental Equipment	12
6.3 Experimental Results for Tension and Stress Relaxation	12
6.4 Summary	12
References	19
Chapter 7: Observations of Rate-Dependent Fracture of Locally Weakened Interfaces in Adhesive Bonds	62
7.1 Introduction	10
7.2 Initial Experimental Observations	12
7.3 Subsequent Experimental Results Using Graphite Contamination	12
7.4 Experimental Results Using Silane Weakened Interfaces	12
7.5 Discussion and Conclusions	12
References	19
Chapter 8: Time Dependent Response of Composite Materials to Mechanical and Electrical Fields	71
8.1 Composite Materials: Defected Heterogeneous Materials by Design	10
8.2 Composite Material System Response to Mechanical and Thermal Applied Fields	12
8.3 Composite Materials Response to Combined Mechanical and Electrical Applied Fields	12
8.4 Summary and Conclusion	12
References	19
Chapter 9: Characterizing the Temperature Dependent Spring-Back Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) for Hot Embossing	78
9.1 Introduction	10
9.2 Experimental Methods	12
9.3 Results	12
9.4 Discussion	12
9.5 Conclusion	12
References	19
Chapter 10: Thermomechanical Fatigue Evaluation of Haynes 230 for Solar Receiver Applications	86
10.1 Material	10
10.2 Experimental Equipment	12
10.3 Experimental Results: Tension	12
10.4 Experimental Results: Isothermal and Thermomechanical Fatigue	12
10.5 Summary	12
References	19
Chapter 11: Viscoelastic Characterization of Fusion Processing in Bimodal Polyethylene Blends	93
11.1 Introduction	10
11.2 Experimental Details	12
11.3 Results and Discussions	12
11.4 Conclusion	12
References	19
Chapter 12: Viscoelastic Properties for PMMA Bar over a Wide Range of Frequencies	98
12.1 Introduction	10
12.2 Attenuation and Dispersion for Viscoelastic Bar	12
12.2.1 Elementary Theory	12
12.2.2 Pochhammer-Chree Theory	12
12.3 Experiments	12
12.4 Evaluation of Attenuation and Dispersion	13
12.5 Conclusions	13
References	19
Chapter 13: Implementation of Fractional Constitutive Equations into the Finite Element Method	104
13.1 Introduction	104
13.2 Numerical Evaluation of Fractional Derivatives	105
13.2.1 Implementation of Fractional Constitutive Equations into the Finite Element Method	106
13.3 Calculating a Fractional Derivate by Solving a Partial Differential Equation	106
13.3.1 Solving the PDE Using the Method of Weighted Residuals	107
13.3.2 Formulation in Matrix Notation	108
13.4 A System Based on Fractional 3-Parameter Material Model	109
13.4.1 Solving a 1-DOF System	110
13.4.2 Finite Element Spatial Discretization	111
13.5 Example	111
13.6 Conclusions	113
References	113
Chapter 14: Effect of Pressure on Damping Properties of Granular Polymeric Materials	115
14.1 Introduction	10
14.2 Materials and Methods	12
14.2.1 Shear Relaxation Measurements	12
14.2.2 Measuring Principle	12
14.3 Results and Discussion	12
14.3.1 Damping Elements Based on Dissipative Granular Materials	13
14.4 Conclusions	13
References	19
Chapter 15: Flow of Dry Grains Inside Rotating Drums	122
15.1 Introduction	10
15.2 Experimental Evidences in the Rolling Regime	12
15.3 On the Description of Granular Liquids Mechanics	12
15.4 Materials and Methods	12
15.5 Preliminary Results	12
15.6 Conclusions	13
References	19
Chapter 16: Statistical Prediction of Tensile Creep Failure Time of Unidirectional CFRP	131
16.1 Introduction	10
16.2 Statistical Prediction of Creep Failure Time of Unidirectional CFRP	12
16.2.1 Formulation for Statistical Static Strength of CFRP Laminates Based on Viscoelasticity of Matrix Resin	12
16.2.2 Failure Probability of Unidirectional CFRP Under Static Load	12
16.2.3 Statistical Creep Failure Time of Unidirectional CFRP	12
16.3 Experiments	13
16.3.1 Specimens	13
16.3.2 Tensile Strength of Carbon Fiber Mono-Filament and Creep Compliance of Matrix Resin	13
16.3.3 Static Strength of CFRP Strand	14
16.3.4 Creep Failure Tests of CFRP Strand	18
16.3.5 Statistical Prediction of Creep Failure Time of CFRP Strand	137
16.4 Probability of Creep Failure Time	138
16.5 Conclusions	138
References	19
Chapter 17: Thermal Crystallinity and Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate	140
17.1 Introduction	10
17.2 Materials and Methods	12
17.3 Density Measurement	12
17.4 X-Ray Analysis	12
17.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)	12
17.6 Micromechanical Modeling	13
17.7 Discussion	13
17.8 Conclusions	13
References	19
Chapter 18: Effect of UV Exposure on Mechanical Properties of POSS Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites	146
18.1 Introduction	10
18.2 Experimental Details	12
18.2.1 Materials	12
18.2.2 Nanoindentation	12
18.2.3 Material Model	12
18.3 Results	13
18.4 Conclusion	13
References	19
Chapter 19: Overcoming Challenges in Material Characterization of Polymers at Intermediate Strain Rates	152
19.1 Introduction	10
19.2 Equipment Synchronization	12
19.3 Noise in Force and Displacement Measurement	12
19.4 Cleaning and Salvaging Data with DSP	12
19.5 Using Improved DAS and Test Set-ups to Mitigate Noise and Distortions	12
19.6 Noise and Distortions Associated with Optical Measurement	13
19.7 Conclusions	13
References	19
Chapter 20: Prediction of Statistical Distribution of Solder Joint Fatigue Lifetime Using Hybrid Probabilistic Approach	164
20.1 Introduction	10
20.2 Methodology	12
20.3 Implementation	12
20.4 Result	12
20.5 Conclusions	12
References	19
Chapter 21: Effect of Moisture and Anisotropy in Multilayer SU-8 Thin Films	169
21.1 Introduction	10
21.2 Experimental Details	12
21.2.1 Sample Preparation	12
21.2.2 Effect of Moisture	12
21.2.3 Spin Coating Anisotropy	12
21.3 Results and Discussion	13
21.4 Conclusion	13
References	19
Chapter 22: Shrinkage Coefficient: Drying Microcrack Indicator	174
22.1 Introduction	10
22.2 Experiments	12
22.2.1 Specimen Preparations and Drying Procedure in ESEM	12
22.2.2 Acquiring ESEM Images	12
22.3 Determination of Micro-Deformations/Strains by Vic-2D	12
22.4 Example of Non-cracked and Microcracked Cement Paste Specimens	13
22.5 Determination of Shrinkage Coefficients	13
22.6 Discussion on Shrinkage Coefficients	13
22.6.1 Shrinkage Coefficients and Strains in Non-cracked Specimens	14
22.6.2 Shrinkage Coefficients and Strains in Micro-Cracked Specimens	18
22.7 Conclusions	137
References	19
Chapter 23: Thermo-Fluid Modeling of the Friction Extrusion Process	184
23.1 Introduction	10
23.2 Experimental Details	12
23.2.1 Extrusion Materials and Devices	12
23.2.2 Friction Wire Extrusion Process	12
23.2.3 Post-Extrusion Analysis Procedures	12
23.3 Modeling	13
23.3.1 Model Description	13
23.3.2 Material Properties	13
23.3.3 Governing Equations and Conditions	14
23.4 Results and Discussions	18
23.4.1 Thermal Validation	137
23.4.2 Temperature Field Features	138
23.4.3 Velocity Field Features	138
23.4.4 Marker Distribution in the Extruded Wire	190
23.4.5 Trajectory Paths of Particle Markers	191
23.5 Summary and Conclusions	192
References	19

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