6 Numerical Modeling of Steel-Framed Floors for Energy Harvesting Applications 57 as maximum displacement. Accordingly, more refined initial designs may benefit from optimizing spring stiffness with constraints on displacement as well as acceleration. Ongoing research includes consideration of damping in the harvester and system analysis for harmonic and time-history results. Subsequent work will include analytical description of the coupled system behavior. Computation of power and voltage outputs showing the proportionality of mechanical response to electrical is ongoing. Acknowledgments The prior research performed on the experimental floor system was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. CMS-9900099. The authors wish to acknowledge the work completed by the principal investigator of that research initiative, Dr. Linda Hanagan. References 1. Murray TM, Allen DE, Ungar EE (1997) Floor vibrations due to human activity, AISC steel design guide #11. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago 2. Miller LM, Halverson E, Dong T, Wright PK (2011) Modeling and experimental verification of low-frequency MEMS energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. J Micromech Microeng 21(1):13 pp (IOP Publishing) 3. Galchev T, Kim H, Najafi K (2001) Micro power generator for harvesting low-frequency and nonperiodic vibrations. IEEE J Micromech Syst 24(4):852–866 4. Beeby SP, Torah RN, Tudor MJ, Glynne-Jones P, O’Donnell T, Saha CR, Roy S (2007) A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting. J Micromech Microeng 17(1):1257–1265 5. Gu L (2011) Low-frequency piezoelectric energy harvesting prototype suitable for the MEMS implementation. Microelectron J 42(2):277–282 6. Raebel CH (2000) Development of an experimental protocol for floor vibration assessment. Master’s Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 7. Raebel CH, Hanagan LM, Trethewey MW (2001) Development of an experimental protocol for floor vibration assessment. In: Proceedings of IMAC-XIX: a conference on structural dynamics. Society for experimental mechanics, Bethel, pp 1126–1132, 5–8 February 2001 8. Beker L, Ozguven HN, Kulah H (2013) Optimization of an energy harvester coupled to a vibrating membrane. In: Proceedings of IMAC-XXXI: a conference on structural dynamics. Society for experimental mechanics, Bethel 9. Schultz JA, Raebel CH (2013) Harvesting of ambient floor vibration energy utilizing micro-electrical mechanical devices. In: Proceedings of IMAC-XXXI: a conference on structural dynamics. Society for experimental mechanics, Bethel, 11–14 February 2013 10. Hanagan LM, Murray TM (1997) Active control approach for reducing floor vibrations. J Struct Eng ASCE 123(11):1497–1505 11. Computers and Structures, Inc. SAP2000 advanced v14.2.4 (2010)
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