192 A.A. Skandani et al. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 0.0025 0.0050 0.0075 0.0100 0.0125 Stress (MPa) Storage Modulus (MPa) Strain (%) Raw Sputtered Growth Stress 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.0025 0.0050 0.0075 0.0100 0.0125 Tan(d) Strain(%) Raw Sputtered Growth a b Fig. 18.4 (a) Storage modulus and stress (b) tan.•/ for composites made out of raw (non-processed), sputtered (ZnO coated and soaked in solution) and growth (with surface grown ZnO nanorods) woven carbon fibers References 1. Qin Y, Wang X, Wang ZL (2008) Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging. Nature 451(7180):809–813 2. Wang ZL, Song J (2006) Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on zinc oxide nanowire arrays. Science 312(5771):242–246 3. Galan U, Lin Y, Ehlert GJ, Sodano HA (2011) Effect of ZnO nanowire morphology on the interfacial strength of nanowire coated carbon fibers. Compos Sci Technol 71(7):946–954 4. Galan U, Ehlert GJ, Lin Y, Sodano HA (2009) Effect of morphology of ZnO nanowire arrays on interfacial shear strength in carbon fiber composites. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 1174:1105–1101 5. Ehlert GJ, Lin Y, Galan U, Sodano HA (2011) Interaction of ZnO nanowires with carbon fibers for hierarchical composites with high interfacial strength. J Solid Mech Mater Eng 4(11):1687–1698 6. Tonezzer M, Lacerda RG (2010) Integrated zinc oxide nanowires/carbon microfiber gas sensors. Sens Actuat B-Chem 150(2):517–522 7. Jo SH, Banerjee D, Ren ZF (2004) Field emission of zinc oxide nanowires grown on carbon cloth. Appl Phys Lett 85(8):1407 8. Unalan HE, Wei D, Suzuki K, Dalal S, Hiralal P, Matsumoto H et al (2008) Photoelectrochemical cell using dye sensitized zinc oxide nanowires grown on carbon fibers. Appl Phys Lett 93(13):133116 9. Na J-S, Gong B, Scarel G, Parsons GN (2009) Surface polarity shielding and hierarchical ZnO nano-architectures produced using sequential hydrothermal crystal synthesis and thin film atomic layer deposition. ACS Nano 3(10):3191–3199 10. Zhou W, Jin HB (2011) Acoustic emission based flexural characteristics of glass fiber reinforced composites embedded with ZnO nanowhiskers. J Compos Mater 46(3):291–299 11. Shankar K, Lakkad SC (1982) Damping in fibre reinforced plastics. J Mater Sci Lett 1:53–57 12. Adams RD, Maheri MR (2003) Damping in advanced polymer–matrix composites. J Alloy Compd 355(1–2):126–130 13. Chandra R, Singh SP, Gupta K (2002) Micromechanical damping models for fiber-reinforced composites: a comparative study. Compos Part A-Appl Sci Manuf 33(6):787–796 14. Hudnut SW, Chung DDL (1995) Use of submicron diameter carbon filaments for reinforcement between continuous carbon-fiber layers in a polymer-matrix composite. Carbon 33(11):1627–1631 15. Chung DDL (2003) Structural composite materials tailored for damping. J Alloy Compd 355(1–2):216–223 16. Vlasveld DPN, Bersee HEN, Picken SJ (2005) Nanocomposite matrix for increased fibre composite strength. Polymer 46(23):10269–10278 17. Dutra RCL, Soares BG, Campos EA, Silva JLG (2000) Hybrid composites based on polypropylene and carbon fiber and epoxy matrix. Polymer 41(10):3841–3849 18. Sun L, Gibson RF, Gordaninejad F, Suhr J (2009) Energy absorption capability of nanocomposites: a review. Compos Sci Technol 69(14):2392–2409 19. Zhou X, Shin E, Wang KW, Bakis CE (2004) Interfacial damping characteristics of carbon nanotube-based composites. Compos Sci Technol 64(15):2425–2437 20. Thostenson ET, Chou TW (2004) Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced composites: processing and mechanical characterization. J Phys D Appl Phys 35(16):L77–L80 21. Rajoria H, Jalili N (2005) Passive vibration damping enhancement using carbon nanotube-epoxy reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 65(14):2079–2093 22. Jin L, Bower C, Zhou O (1998) Alignment of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix by mechanical stretching. Appl Phys Lett 73(9):1197–1199 23. Gojny FH, Wichmann MHG, Kopke U, Fiedler B, Schulte K (2004) Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-compo sites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content. Compos Sci Technol 64(15):2363–2371
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