Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6

Preface	6
Contents	8
1 Safety Improvement of Child Restraint System by Using Adoptive Control	12
1.1 Introduction	12
1.2 Accident Data	13
1.3 Simulation Model	13
1.3.1 Dummy Model	13
1.3.2 CRS Model	13
1.4 Linear Model	14
1.4.1 Infant Model	14
1.4.2 Joint Characteristic	16
1.4.3 Validity Verification	17
1.5 Control System	17
1.5.1 Block Diagram	17
1.5.2 Optimization	18
1.5.3 Objective Functions	18
1.5.4 Optimizing Algorithm	19
1.5.5 Control Model	19
1.6 Simulation Results	19
1.7 Conclusion	20
References	21
2 Dynamic Response and Damage Estimation of Infant Brain for Vibration	22
2.1 Introduction	22
2.2 Anthropometric Dummy	23
2.2.1 Six-Month-Old Anthropometric Test Dummy	23
2.2.2 Transparent Skull Model	23
2.3 Experiments	23
2.3.1 Methods	24
2.3.2 Input Vibration	25
2.4 Results and Discussion	25
2.5 Simulation	25
2.5.1 Construction of Model and Material Properties	25
2.5.2 Simulation and Result	27
2.6 Conclusion	28
References	29
3 Mechanical Strength of Bone Cement with and Without Adjuvant Screw Fixation	30
3.1 Introduction	31
3.1.1 Background	31
3.1.2 Motivation	31
3.1.3 Objectives	31
3.2 Experimental Procedures	32
3.2.1 Test Samples	32
3.2.2 Test Methodology	33
3.2.2.1 Loading Conditions	33
3.2.2.2 LVDT	34
3.2.2.3 PZT Measurements	34
3.3 Results and Discussion	34
3.3.1 LVDT Measurements	34
3.3.1.1 Motion During Cyclic Testing	34
3.3.1.2 Discussion	36
3.3.1.3 Motion During Compression Testing	37
3.3.2 PZT Measurements	39
3.3.2.1 Frequency Intensity Changes	39
3.3.2.2 Frequency Shifts	40
3.3.2.3 Power Changes	40
3.3.2.4 Exponential Regression of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Data Time Constant Tracking	42
3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations	42
References	44
4 Development of a Bench for Testing Leg Prosthetics	45
4.1 Introduction	45
4.2 Design of the Test Bench	47
4.3 Model of the Tests Bench	48
4.3.1 MB Model of the Test Bench	48
4.3.2 Control Strategy and Model of the Actuating Devices	49
4.3.2.1 Model of Actuating Devices	49
4.3.2.2 Control Logic	50
4.4 Simulation Results	51
4.5 Preliminary Experimental Results	52
4.6 Concluding Remarks	54
References	55
5 Application of Modal Testing and Analysis Techniques on a sUAV	56
5.1 Introduction	56
5.2 Test Overview	57
5.3 Base Model	60
5.4 Sensor Location Identification Method and Channel Reduction	61
5.5 Determination of Airworthiness	64
5.6 Conclusion	66
References	66
6 Progress in Operational Analysis of Launch Vehicles in Nonstationary Flight	67
6.1 Introduction	67
6.2 Technical Background	68
6.2.1 Alternative Approaches for Traditional OMA	68
6.2.2 Launch Environment Analyses	68
6.3 Study of Recursive Correlation and an Associated Convergence Metric	69
6.3.1 Previous Findings	69
6.3.2 Development of a Convergence Metric	70
6.3.3 Numerical Assessment of Recursive Correlation/Convergence Metric Approach	74
6.3.4 Analytical Study of Recursive Correlation Damping	75
6.3.5 Recommended Follow-on Work	78
6.4 Conclusion	78
A.1 Appendix 1A: Theoretical Basis for an OMA Process, NExT	81
References	82
7 Influence of Test Conditions on Comfort Ranking of Road Bicycle Wheels	84
7.1 Introduction	84
7.2 Methods	85
7.3 Results	87
7.4 Discussion	87
7.5 Conclusion	87
References	89
8 Direct Measurement of Power on a Gravity Independent Flywheel-based Ergometer	90
8.1 Introduction	90
8.2 Description of the System	90
8.3 Conclusions	92
9 Instrumented Treadmill for Cross-Country Skiing Enhanced Training	93
9.1 Introduction	93
9.2 Simulator Components	94
9.3 Sensors	94
9.4 Real-Time Control	95
9.5 Conclusions	96
References	98
10 Instrumenting a Rowing Ergometer for Improved Training	99
10.1 Introduction	99
10.2 The Stretcher	100
10.3 The Seat	101
10.4 The Handlebar	101
10.5 The 3D Camera System	102
10.6 Results and Discussion	102
10.7 Conclusion	103
References	104
11 A Laboratory Technique to Compare Road Bike Dynamic Comfort	105
11.1 Introduction	105
11.2 Methods	106
11.3 Experimental Validation	107
11.3.1 Validation Using the Reproduction Bike Only	107
11.3.2 Reproduction Quality Assessment	109
11.4 Discussion	110
11.5 Conclusion	111
References	112
12 Exploring Experimental Structural Dynamics in EMA/ME 540 at UW-Madison	113
12.1 Introduction	113
12.2 Course Outcomes: Final Projects	114
12.3 Conclusions	114
A.1 Appendix 1: ME/EMA 540 Course Syllabus, Fall 2011	118
A.1.1 Experimental Vibration and Dynamic System Analysis	118
B.1 Appendix 2: Sample Laboratory Assignments	120
B.1.1 Lab 1: Free Vibration of SDOF/MDOF Systems	120
B.1.1.1 Lab Report	120
B.1.1.2 Objective	120
B.1.1.3 Instructions	121
B.1.1.4 Summary of What to Include in Your Lab Report	122
B.1.2 Lab 4a: Impact Modal Test of Free-Free Beam	122
B.1.2.1 Before Class	122
B.1.2.2 In the Lab	123
B.1.2.3 Questions	123
B.1.2.4 Analysis	123
B.1.3 Appendix	124
B.1.4 B&K Labshop Intructions	125
B.1.4.1 How to Create Geometry in PULSE Labshop	125
B.1.4.2 Additional Help	126
B.1.4.3 To Run AMI and Extract Modes	128
B.1.5 Lab 4b: Impact Modal Test of Free-Free Beam: Structural Modification	129
B.1.5.1 Measurements	129
B.1.5.2 Analysis	129
B.1.5.3 Analysis with One-Term Ritz Model	130
B.1.5.4 Optional Analysis with Full Ritz Model	130
B.1.6 Lab 5: Output Only (Natural Excitation) Identification of a Downhill Ski	131
B.1.6.1 Derivation (Before Class)	131
B.1.6.2 In the Lab	132
B.1.6.3 Lab Report	133
B.1.6.4 Notes Regarding Data	133
B.1.7 Appendix	134
B.1.8 Final Project Assignment	135
B.1.8.1 Deadlines	135
B.1.8.2 Description	135
References	135
13 The ABRAVIBE Toolbox for Teaching Vibration Analysis and Structural Dynamics	136
13.1 Introduction	136
13.2 ABRAVIBE Toolbox Functionality	137
13.2.1 Data Storage Format	137
13.2.2 Mechanical System Simulation	138
13.2.3 Time Domain Forced Response	138
13.2.4 Time Series Analysis	139
13.2.5 Statistics and Data Quality Assessment	140
13.2.6 Spectral Analysis	141
13.2.7 Frequency Response Estimation	143
13.2.8 Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)	143
13.2.9 Order Tracking	145
13.3 Summary	146
References	146
14 Structural Dynamics Teaching Example: A Linear Test Analysis Case Using Open Software	147
14.1 Introduction	148
14.2 Theory	149
14.2.1 Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)	149
14.2.2 Finite Element Method	149
14.2.3 Model Verification	153
14.3 Application	154
14.3.1 Finite Element Model	154
14.4 Results: Simple Plate	155
14.4.1 FE Results	155
14.4.2 EMA Results	156
14.4.3 FE Model Calibration	156
14.5 Conclusions	157
References	158
15 Testing Anti-Ram Barrier Protection Systems	159
15.1 Introduction	159
15.2 Testing Anti-Ram Barriers	159
15.3 Data Acquisition System	160
15.4 Conclusion	162
Reference	163
16 Fiber Optic Accelerometers and Sensors for Dynamic Measurements	164
16.1 Introduction	164
16.2 Energy	165
16.3 Civil	165
Reference	168
17 Nonlinear Model Tracking for Varying System Geometries	169
17.1 Introduction	169
17.2 Background	170
17.3 Theoretical Model Development	170
17.4 System Identification	171
17.5 Experiment and Analysis	172
17.6 Results	173
17.7 Discussion	176
17.8 Conclusion	177
References	177
18 Fuzzy Arithmetical Assessment of Wave Propagation Models for Multi-Wire Cables	178
18.1 Introduction	178
18.2 Theoretical Background	179
18.2.1 Fuzzy Arithmetical Approach	179
18.2.2 Wave Propagation in Cylindrical Waveguides	181
18.3 Model Development	182
18.3.1 Distributed Viscous Damper Model	182
18.3.2 Extended Damper Model	183
18.4 Experimental Investigation	183
18.5 Results	184
18.6 Conclusions and Outlook	186
References	186
19 A Vibro-Haptic Human-Machine Interface for Structural Health Monitoring Applications	187
19.1 Introduction	187
19.1.1 Background	187
19.1.2 Cooperative SHM Paradigm	189
19.2 Proposed Proof of Concept Experiment	190
19.2.1 Proposed Proof-of-Concept Experimental Structure	190
19.2.2 Hardware Design	191
19.2.3 Considerations for Design of Haptic Cooperative SHM Human-Machine Interface	192
19.3 Proposed Human Subject Testing	194
19.3.1 Proposed Procedure	195
19.4 Conclusions	195
References	196
20 Technologies for Seismic Safety Management of Existing Health Facilities	198
20.1 Introduction	198
20.2 Safety Issues in Health Facilities	200
20.3 Criteria for Sustainable Implementation of Smart Health Facilities	201
20.4 Conceptual Framework for Design and Implementation of a Pilot SHF in Central Italy	203
20.5 Conclusions	204
References	205
21 Wave-Induced Vibration Monitoring for Stability Assessment of Harbor Caisson	206
21.1 Introduction	206
21.2 Wireless Monitoring System for Harbor Caisson Structure	207
21.2.1 Vibration-Based Wireless Sensing System	207
21.2.2 Vibration-Based SHM Methods	208
21.2.2.1 Power Spectral Density-Based Method	208
21.2.2.2 Modal Parameter-Based Method	209
21.2.3 Autonomous SHM Scheme	209
21.2.3.1 Power Spectral Density-Based Method	209
21.2.3.2 Modal Parameter-Based Method	209
21.3 Field Evaluation	210
21.3.1 Target Caisson Structure	210
21.3.2 Wave-Induced Ambient Vibration Test	210
21.3.3 Vibration-Based Damage Monitoring	211
21.4 Summary and Conclusions	213
References	213
22 Damage Assessment of a Beam Using Artificial Neural Networks and Antiresonant Frequencies	215
22.1 Introduction	215
22.1.1 Artificial Neural Networks	216
22.2 Neural Network for Damage Assessment	217
22.2.1 Inputs	217
22.2.2 Outputs	218
22.2.3 Training and Validation Patterns	218
22.2.4 Measures of Network Performance	218
22.3 Experimental Beam	219
22.3.1 Network Validation	220
22.4 Conclusions	220
References	222
23 Case Studies of Tools Used in Teaching Structural Dynamics	223
23.1 Introduction	223
23.2 International Bridge Study Hardware and Software	223
23.3 ModalVIEW	226
23.4 Structural Analysis of a Small Unmanned Aircraft Using ModalVIEW and NI CompactDAQ	226
23.5 Conclusions	229
References	229
24 “Structural System Testing and Model Correlation”: An Industry-University Collaborative Course in Structural Dynamics	230
24.1 Introduction	230
24.2 Course Description and Execution	231
24.3 Discussion and Conclusion	235
25 Visualizing Structural Vibrations Using Stroboscopic Light in a Novel Setup	237
25.1 Introduction	237
25.2 Theoretical Background	238
25.3 Technical Details and Practical Aspects	240
25.4 Applications	241
25.5 Conclusions	242
References	243
26 Analytical and Experimental Learning in a Vibrations Course at the University of Massachusetts Lowell	244
26.1 Introduction	244
26.2 Vibrations	245
26.3 Finite Element Models	246
26.4 Experimental Modal Analysis	247
26.5 Test/Analysis Correlation	247
26.6 Tuned Absorber Applications	247
26.7 Test/Test Correlation	247
26.8 Student Projects	248
26.9 Observations	249
26.10 Summary	249
A.1 Appendix CN	250
A.1.1 Vibrations Project Spring 2011	250
A.2 Appendix LD	252
A.2.1 Vibrations Project Spring 2012	252
A.3 Appendix JH	255
A.3.1 Some Considerations of Boundary Conditions in Dynamic Testing	255
References	259
27 Around the World in 80 Courses	260
27.1 Genesis	260
27.2 First-Generation Courses on Modal Testing	262
27.3 Underlying Philosophy of Models for Structural Dynamics	262
27.4 Future Needs and Trends for Next-Generation Courses in Structural Dynamics	263
27.4.1 Subtleties and the Questions	264
Reference	264
28 Review of a Pilot Internet System Dynamics Course	265
28.1 Background	266
28.2 MATLAB	266
28.3 Internet	267
28.4 Internet Courses	268
28.5 SDA Course Curriculum	268
28.6 Course Syllabi Hyperlinks	268
28.7 SDA I Course	269
28.8 C-Plate Test	269
28.9 SDA II Course	270
28.10 SDA II Project	271
28.11 SDA III	271
28.12 Discussion	272
28.12.1 Evaluation of the Current Course Format	272
28.13 Future Improvements	273
28.14 Conclusions	274
References	274
29 Using Random Response Input in Ibrahim Time Domain	275
29.1 Introduction	275
29.2 Theory	275
29.3 Case Study	278
29.4 Simulation	279
29.5 Experimental Result	280
29.6 Conclusion	280
References	281
30 Modal Parameter Identification of New Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine	282
30.1 Introduction	282
30.2 Material and Method	283
30.2.1 Physical Model	283
30.2.2 FEM Model	284
30.3 Modal Analysis	284
30.4 Conclusion	285
30.5 Future Work	286
References	286
31 Predicting Dynamic Strain on Wind Turbine Blade Using Digital Image Correlation Techniques in Conjunction with Analytical Expansion Methodologies	287
31.1 Introduction	287
31.2 Theoretical Background	288
31.2.1 Digital Image Correlation	288
31.2.2 Modal Reduction/Expansion Techniques	288
31.3 Structure Description	290
31.4 Model Description	290
31.5 Testing Performed	292
31.5.1 Beam Testing	292
31.5.2 Blade Testing	292
31.6 Conclusion	293
References	294
32 Dynamic Characterization of a Free-Free Wind Turbine Blade Assembly	295
32.1 Introduction	295
32.2 Model Description	296
32.3 Cases Studied	298
32.3.1 Case 1: Experimental Measurement Using a Low Frequency Bandwidth	298
32.3.2 Case 2: Experimental Measurement Using a Higher Frequency Bandwidth	300
32.4 Discussion of Results	300
32.5 Conclusion	303
References	303
33 Harmonic Analysis on a Lévy Plate and Its Application to Fatigue Analysis	305
33.1 Introduction	305
33.2 Equation of Motion and Boundary Conditions	306
33.3 Approximate Harmonic Solution	307
33.4 Verification Examples	308
33.4.1 Uniform Harmonic Excitation on the Entire Area	308
33.4.2 Harmonic Excitation Along a Line	310
33.4.3 Remarks on the Limiting Case	311
33.5 Stress Estimation and Application for Fatigue Analysis	311
33.6 Summary and Conclusions	311
References	312
34 Vibration Level Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Powerhouse Hall	313
34.1 Introduction	313
34.2 The Equipment of Powerhouse Hall	313
34.3 Measurement Points of Oscillation Acceleration	314
34.4 Measurement Analysis Methods	314
34.5 Calculation of Spectral Frequency-Time Characteristics	315
34.6 Harmonic Identification Results	316
34.7 Acceleration Deviation Maps	317
34.8 Acceleration Amplitude Maps	317
34.9 Harmonic Sources Location Maps	318
34.10 Conclusions	319
References	319
35 Study on the Band Structure of Trigonal Chiral Structures	320
35.1 Introduction	320
35.2 Geometries of the Chiral Lattice	321
35.2.1 Unit Cell's Geometry Characteristics	321
35.2.2 Lattice Vectors	321
35.3 Unit Cell Analysis of Wave Propagation in 2-D Trichiral Lattices	322
35.4 Numerical Simulation	323
35.4.1 Band Diagrams	323
35.4.2 Comparsion Between Trichiral and Hexachiral Lattice	325
35.4.3 Phase and Group Velocities	326
35.5 Conclusion	327
References	328
36 FEM Sensitivity Vector Basis for Measured Mode Expansion	329
36.1 Introduction	329
36.2 Nomenclature	330
36.3 Sensitivity Vectors and Measured Mode Expansion	330
36.4 Serep Expansion Using Sensitivity Vectors	331
36.5 Illustrative Example: Segmented Beam	332
36.6 Concluding Remarks	333
A.1 Appendix	334
A.1.1 General Procedure for Generating Residual Vector Sets	334
References	335
37 Estimation of Unmeasured DOF's on a Scaled Model of a 4-Storey Building	337
37.1 Introduction	337
37.2 Theory	338
37.3 Test Setup and Experimental Mode Shapes	338
37.4 Finite Element Model	341
37.5 Expansion and Results	341
37.6 Conclusion	342
References	343
38 Estimation of Rotational Degrees of Freedom by EMA and FEM Mode Shapes	344
38.1 Introduction	344
38.2 Theory	345
38.2.1 Smart Selection of Mode Shapes Based on the Local Correspondence Principle	346
38.2.2 SEREP Expansion	347
38.3 Application	347
38.3.1 FEM Reference Model	348
38.3.2 Experimental Results	348
38.3.3 Numerical Results	348
38.4 Conclusions	351
References	353
39 Real-Time Dynamic Stress Response Estimation at Critical Locations of Instrumented Structures Embedded in Random Fields	355
39.1 Introduction	355
39.2 Theoretical Background	356
39.3 Experiment and Procedure	357
39.3.1 FEM Based Observer	358
39.3.2 Luenberger Observer	360
39.3.3 Modal Interpolation	360
39.4 Results and Discussion	360
39.4.1 Impact Modal Hammer Test Results	360
39.4.2 Shaker Test Results	360
39.5 Conclusion	362
References	362
40 Strain Estimation in a Glass Beam Using Operational Modal Analysis	363
40.1 Introduction	363
40.2 Theory	364
40.2.1 Steps	365
40.2.1.1 Finite Element Model	365
40.2.1.2 Modal Parameters	365
40.2.1.3 Modal Scaling	365
40.2.1.4 Model Up-Dating and Modal Expansion of the Mode Shapes	365
40.2.1.5 Modal Coordinates	366
40.2.1.6 Strain Estimation	366
40.3 Experimental Tests	366
40.3.1 Operational Modal Analysis	367
40.3.2 Results	368
40.4 Conclusions	368
References	369
41 Pressure Measurement Sensor for Jointed Structures	371
41.1 Introduction	371
41.2 Measurement Principle	372
41.2.1 Geometry and physics	372
41.2.2 Static Measurement	372
41.3 Vibrations	372
41.4 Conclusion	374
References	375
42 Modal Analysis of Machine Tools Using a Single Laser Beam Device	377
42.1 Introduction	377
42.2 Vibration Measurement Using the Single Beam Method	378
42.3 Measurement Strategy Using a Lasertracer	379
42.4 Example of Measurement Strategy for a Demonstrator Machining Center	380
42.5 Consideration on Mounting Stability	381
42.6 Conclusion	381
References	382
43 Valvetrain Motion Measurements in Firing Conditions by Laser Doppler Vibrometer	383
43.1 Introduction	383
43.2 Experimental Set-Up	384
43.2.1 Test Bench	384
43.2.2 Valvetrain Kinematics Measurement Method	385
43.3 Results	386
43.4 Conclusions	387
References	388
44 Using High-Speed Stereophotogrammetry to Collect Operating Data on a Robinson R44 Helicopter	389
44.1 Introduction	389
44.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure	390
44.3 Initial Data Processing	392
44.4 Experimental Results	393
44.5 Future Work	397
44.6 Conclusion	397
References	397
45 Principles of Image Processing and Feature Recognition Applied to Full-Field Measurements	399
45.1 Introduction	399
45.2 Shape Decomposition	401
45.2.1 Orthogonal Decomposition	401
45.2.2 Classical Orthogonal Kernel Functions	402
45.2.3 Discrete Orthogonal Polynomials	403
45.2.4 Construction of Kernel Functions	403
45.2.5 Sparse Representation	404
45.3 Case Studies	405
45.3.1 Composite Panel with Delamination Using the Krawtchouk Moment	405
45.3.2 Zernike Moment Descriptor	405
45.3.3 Adaptive Geometric Moment Descriptor	409
45.4 Conclusions	410
References	411
46 Model Updating Using Shape Descriptors from Full-Field Images	413
46.1 Introduction	413
46.2 Iterative Model Updating	414
46.3 Updating A Composite Panel Using Features of Mode Shapes	414
46.3.1 Vibration Mode Shape Measurement Using DIC	414
46.3.2 Construction of Shape Features	415
46.3.3 Comparison of Feature Vectors	415
46.3.4 Model Modification and Parameterization	417
46.3.5 Updated Results	419
46.4 Updating Elasto-plastic Material Properties Using Shape Features	420
46.5 Conclusions	422
References	423
47 Shape-Descriptor Frequency Response Functions and Modal Analysis	425
47.1 Introduction	425
47.2 Transient Shape Decomposition	426
47.3 Adaptive Geometric Moment Descriptor	426
47.4 Modal Identification Using Full-Field Shape Features	427
47.4.1 Frequency Response Functions of Shape Descriptors	427
47.4.2 Modal Identification from SD-FRFs	428
47.5 Case Study: Modal Testing of a Car Bonnet Using SD-FRF	428
47.5.1 3D DIC Measurement	428
47.5.2 Surface Parameterization	429
47.5.3 AGMD	429
47.5.4 SD-FRF Estimation and Modal Identification	430
47.5.5 Comparison with FE Model	430
47.6 Conclusions	430
References	433
48 Dynamic Simulation of the Lunar Landing Using Flexible Multibody Dynamics Model	434
48.1 Introduction	434
48.2 Multibody Dynamic Modeling of the Lunar Lander	434
48.3 Landing Simulation	435
48.4 Conclusions	436
References	438
49 A New Approach for a Train Axle Telemetry System	439
49.1 Introduction	439
49.2 The Telemetry System	440
49.3 Axle Board	441
49.3.1 Bridge Amplification	441
49.4 FRAM	443
49.4.1 Wireless Communication Module	443
49.4.2 CPU	444
49.5 Chassis Board	444
49.6 Power Supply	444
49.7 Preliminary Tests	446
49.8 Conclusions	447
References	447
50 Triaxial Multi-range MEMS Accelerometer Nodes for Railways Applications	448
50.1 Introduction	448
50.2 Design of the Accelerometer Node	449
50.3 Calibration of the Accelerometer Node	451
50.4 In-line Tests of the Accelerometer Node	453
50.5 Conclusions	456
References	456
51 Acoustical Excitation for Damping Estimation in Rotating Machinery	457
51.1 Introduction	457
51.2 Acoustic Excitation	458
51.2.1 Force by Acoustic Excitation	458
51.2.2 Excitation Signal	459
51.3 Shaft Experiments	460
51.3.1 Sound Pressure of the Source	460
51.3.2 Free-Free Shaft	460
51.3.3 Shaft on Bearings	461
51.4 Calibration Procedure	462
51.5 Conclusions	463
References	464
52 Numerical Simulations on the Performance of Passive Mitigation Under Blast Wave Loading	465
52.1 Introduction	466
52.2 Blast Simulation	466
52.3 Conclusion	470
References	471
53 Finite Element Model Updating Using the ShadowHybrid Monte Carlo Technique	472
53.1 Introduction	472
53.2 Finite Element Model Background	473
53.3 Bayesian Inferences	473
53.4 The Hybrid Monte Carlo Method	475
53.5 The Shadow Hybrid Monte Carlo Method	475
53.6 Construction of the Shadow Hamiltonian	476
53.7 A Cantilever Beam Example	477
53.7.1 The Cantilever Simulation	478
53.8 Unsymmetric H-shaped Structure	479
53.8.1 H-shaped Structure Simulation	479
53.9 Conclusion	480
References	480
54 Pseudo Velocity Shock Data Analysis Calculations Using Octave	482
54.1 Introduction	482
54.2 Version to Use	483
54.3 Down Loading Octave	483
54.4 Shock Data Analysis Preliminaries	484
54.5 Editor	486
54.6 Housekeeping	486
54.7 Digitizing and Aliasing	486
54.8 Programs Used	486
54.9 Lesson One: Load and Plot Some Text Data	487
54.10 Lesson 2: Load, Edit, Integrate and Plot Shock Data and then Calculate and Plot the Pseudo Velocity Shock Spectrum	488
54.11 Timhis3o.m and the PVSS	489
54.12 Determine Mean of the Leader and Subtract It	490
54.13 Remove the Leader, Truncate the Data, and Remove the Mean from the Final Data to Be Analyzed	490
54.14 Calculate and Plot the PVSS	493
54.15 Conclusions	495
References	497
55 Analysis and Dynamic Characterization of a Resonant Plate for Shock Testing	498
55.1 Introduction	499
55.1.1 Background	499
55.1.2 Motivation	499
55.2 Methodology	500
55.3 Theoretical Background	501
55.3.1 Shock Response Spectrum	501
55.3.2 Modal Superposition Technique	501
55.3.3 Newmark Direct Integration Technique	502
55.3.4 Structural Dynamic Modification	503
55.4 Experimental Shock Testing	504
55.5 Finite Element Model	505
55.6 Experimental Modal Analysis	506
55.7 Correlation	507
55.8 Analytical Model	507
55.9 Case Studies	509
55.9.1 Effects of Varying the Number of Modes Employed in Modal Superposition Technique	509
55.9.2 Influence of the Upper Structure	510
55.9.3 Influence of Variability of Natural Frequencies on the Test Fixture	511
55.9.4 Effects of Assumed Damping	513
55.9.5 Effects of Varying Location on Plate	513
55.10 Experimental and Analytical Srs Comparison	515
55.11 Conclusion	515
References	516
56 Resonances of Compact Tapered Inhomogeneous Axially Loaded Shafts	517
56.1 Introduction	518
56.2 Modeling	519
56.2.1 Non-homogeneous Material	520
56.3 Numerical Results	521
56.4 Conclusions	524
References	524
57 Modelling Friction in a Nonlinear Dynamic System via Bayesian Inference	525
57.1 Introduction	525
57.2 Nonlinear System	526
57.3 Model	527
57.3.1 Coulomb	527
57.3.2 Hyberbolic Tangent	528
57.3.3 LuGre	528
57.4 Bayesian Inference	528
57.4.1 Prior and Likelihood	528
57.4.2 Markov Chain Monte-Carlo	529
57.5 Results	529
57.5.1 Viscous	529
57.5.2 Coulomb	531
57.5.3 Hyperbolic Tangent	532
57.5.4 LuGre	532
57.6 Model Comparison	534
57.7 Conclusions	535
References	535
58 Optimum Load for Energy Harvesting with Non-linear Oscillators	536
58.1 Introduction	536
58.2 Optimum Resistance: Linear	537
58.3 Optimum Resistance: Non-linear	538
58.4 Continuation Method	540
58.5 Conclusion and Future Work	541
References	541
59 Harvesting of Ambient Floor Vibration Energy Utilizing Micro-Electrical Mechanical Devices	542
59.1 Introduction	542
59.2 Description of the Experimental Floor	543
59.3 Floor Model	544
59.4 Modal Properties of the Floor System	545
59.5 Mathematical Model of MEMS Energy Harvester	546
59.6 Vibrational Response and Frequency Results	548
59.7 Simplified Analytical Expression for Resonant Frequency Ratio	549
59.8 Floor-Harvester System	550
59.9 Conclusions	550
References	551
60 Robust Optimization of Magneto-Mechanical Energy Harvesters for Shoes	552
60.1 Introduction	552
60.2 Device Model and Simulation	553
60.3 Optimization Problem	553
60.4 Optimization Results	556
60.5 Conclusion	556
References	556
61 Optimization of an Energy Harvester Coupledto a Vibrating Membrane	558
61.1 Introduction	558
61.2 Coupled System	559
61.2.1 2D and 3D FE Models of Membrane	559
61.2.2 FE Model of Energy Harvester	560
61.3 Optimization	561
61.3.1 Optimization of Energy Harvester Alone	561
61.3.2 Optimization of Energy Harvester Coupled to Membrane	561
61.3.3 Comparison of the Optimization Results	562
61.4 Conclusion	563
References	564
62 Experimental Localization of Small Damages Using Modal Filters	565
62.1 Introduction	565
62.2 Damage Localization Using Local Filters	565
62.3 Statistical Approach for an Automated Damage Localization	567
62.4 Experimental Application on a Small Scale Set-Up	567
62.4.1 Case Study Description	567
62.4.2 Undamaged Structure	568
62.4.3 Damaged Structure	569
62.4.4 Automated Damage Localization	569
62.5 Conclusion	570
References	571
63 Output Only Structural Identification with Minimal Instrumentation	572
63.1 Introduction	572
63.2 Formulation of M-K Identification Methodology	573
63.2.1 Estimation of and V*	574
63.2.1.1 Equations from Structural Topology	574
63.2.1.2 Equations from Measured Mode Shape Components	575
63.2.1.3 Solution Using a Modified Newton–Raphson Method	577
63.2.2 Scaling of V*for Estimation of M and K	577
63.3 Numerical Validation	578
63.4 Conclusions	580
References	581
64 Simulation of Guided Wave Interaction with Defects in Rope Structures	582
64.1 Introduction	582
64.2 Wave Propagation in Rope Structures	583
64.3 Interaction with Discontinuities	583
64.3.1 Waveguide Finite Element Method	584
64.3.2 Elastodynamic Boundary Element Formulation	584
64.3.3 Modeling of Defects in Cylindrical Waveguides	585
64.4 Results	587
64.5 Conclusions	588
References	588
65 Estimation of Modal Parameters Confidence Intervals: A Simple Numerical Example	589
65.1 Introduction	589
65.2 Theoretical Background	590
65.2.1 Modal Extraction	590
65.2.1.1 LSCE	590
65.2.1.2 UMPA	590
65.2.2 Stabilization Diagram	591
65.2.3 Methods for the Estimation	592
65.2.3.1 Bootstrap	592
65.2.3.2 Jackknife	592
65.3 Numerical Results	592
65.3.1 Simulation Model	592
65.3.2 Comparison Between Bootstrap and Jackknife	594
65.3.3 Comparison Between Various Noises	595
65.3.4 Comparison Between UMPA and LSCE	595
65.4 Ongoing Works	596
65.5 Conclusions	597
References	597
66 A Bayesian Framework of Transmissibility Model Selection and Updating	599
66.1 Introduction	599
66.2 Model Selection Via Bayesian Inference	600
66.3 Damage Detection Implementation	601
66.3.1 Likelihood Function	602
66.3.2 Model Selection	602
66.4 Summary and Conclusion	604
References	604
67 Monitoring of Torsion of Guyed Mast Shafts	605
67.1 Introduction	605
67.2 Torsion or Swivelling of the Mast Shaft	605
67.3 Monitoring of Torsion (Swivelling) on Real Structures	607
67.4 Monitoring of Swivelling on a Model	609
67.5 Conclusions	610
References	612

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTMzNzEzMQ==