Chapter3 Mechanical Strength of Bone Cement with and Without Adjuvant Screw Fixation Ryan Keyser, Robert Migliori, Tessa Morgan, Steven R. Anton, Kevin M. Fariholt, and R. Michael Meneghini Abstract Knee replacement surgery is a challenging, invasive procedure, so it is prudent that reliable components are used to minimize the likelihood of implant failure and subsequent risky, post-operation corrections. Each artificial component is adhered to a bone interface by composite acrylic-based cement. It is theorized that the structural integrity and, by extension, longevity of bone cement used to fill voids in knee replacement surgery is augmented by adjuvant screws embedded in the cement and anchored in bone, analogous to rebar-reinforced concrete. While the screw fixation method has exhibited positive results in arthroplasty patients, no conclusive evidence has been produced demonstrating its value over cement without screw fixation. It was the purpose of this research to examine which, if either, method is more effective. Porous polyurethane blocks were used to emulate human bones, in which uniform defects were generated and filled with bone cement in two cases, with and without the addition of screws. To test their mechanical properties, the specimens were loaded in compression by a material testing machine to mimic the forces created by the body, with focus on micro-motion of the cement. Additionally, nondestructive damage detection techniques were performed during fatigue testing by high frequency interrogation using piezoceramic actuators and sensors. Damage detection and classification algorithms were explored from attained data. Keywords Total knee replacement • TKR • Adjuvant screw fixation • Mechanical testing • Structural health monitoring • Bone cement R. Keyser Los Alamos National Laboratory, W-13, 87544 Los Alamos, NM, USA e-mail: rrkeyser@msn.com R. Migliori New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 87801 Socorro, NM, USA e-mail: migliori@nmt.edu T.Morgan Oklahoma State University, 74074 Stillwater, OK, USA e-mail: tessajme@okstate.edu S.R. Anton ( ) Los Alamos National Laboratory, INST-OFF, 87544 Los Alamos, NM, USA e-mail: sranton@lanl.gov K.M. Fariholt Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, 23842 Disputanta, VA, USA e-mail: kevin.farinholt@ccam-va.com R.M. Meneghini Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA e-mail: rmeneghi@iuhealth.org R. Allemang et al. (eds.), Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, 2013, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series 43, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6546-1 3, © The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2013 19
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