Takayuki KOIZUMI, Nobutaka TSUJIUCHI, Ryota AKATSUKA Department of Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3, Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan ABSTRACT An environment is needed in which traffic can move smoothly, and traffic flow analysis is important in creating such an environment. Such analysis generally uses a micro-type traffic model. The micro model depicts an object (a car, a human, etc.) as a particle, and tracks the individual particles’ behavior. However, this has been difficult because the objects exhibit complex behavior. Because the objects act with the individual resolves. In this study, a Distinct Element Method (DEM)-base traffic model is constructed to aim the micro model depicting behavior characteristics in detail. DEM takes into account continuity and has received attention in the fields of micromeritics and terramechanics. In addition, the traffic model uses the Optimal Velocity (OV) model. The OV model is a method that calculates the optimal velocity from interparticle distance and accelerates or decelerates the particle. To validate the traffic model, experiment and simulation avoiding obstacles are carried out and the results are compared. As a result, the simulation showed similar behavior and velocity distribution to the experiment. Therefore, the effectiveness of the constructed traffic model could be confirmed. 1. INTRODUCTION Traffic jams and congestion are generated in various places like roads, shopping malls, festivals, disaster areas, etc. Traffic jams and congestion cause mental stress and increase the incidence of traffic accidents. Thus, in designing environments in which people can move smoothly, traffic flow analysis is important. Currently, use of the micro model in pursuing individual particle behavior is common in traffic flow analysis [1-6]. This model expresses an object, such as a car or person, as a particle. In this model, because the objects that become particles are capable of independent motion, the relation of action-reaction doesn't work between particles. A lot of other problems exist free movement in any direction is possible. In addition, in showing a complex behavior characteristic that selects the moving pathway and the velocity from information that comes into sight, the analysis is very difficult. Therefore, we constructed a micro-type pedestrian model in which particle behaviors depict a pedestrian's behavior characteristics in detail, and analyzed the traffic flow. A variety of micro models based on the Cellular Automata (CA) model have been proposed [1,2]. As CA model treats space discretely, the features can be calculated easily. However, there is a limit to the detailed expression of pedestrians' behavior characteristics because they exhibit unnatural behavior. On the other hand, with computer improvements, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) is paid attention to in the field of micromeritics and terramechanics [7]. DEM can express detailed behavior because DEM treats space continuously unlike the CA model. In this study, to aim micro-type pedestrian model depicting the behavior characteristics in detail, model-enhanced DEM is constructed. The acceleration computation of the particle modeled in this model incorporate the Optimal Velocity (OV) model [3,4]. The OV model calculates optimal velocity from distance between particles. After that, the avoidance simulation, which takes into account the obstacle or other pedestrians, is done by using the DEM-base traffic model. In addition, an avoidance experiment similar to the simulations is done, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing the results. 2. SYNOPSIS OF DEM-BASE TRAFFIC MODEL To construct the DEM-base traffic model, the acceleration computation of the particle modeled in this model incorporates the OV model [3,4]. The OV model is a calculating method that requests the best particle velocity from the distance from a T. Proulx (ed.), Linking Models and Experiments, Volume 2, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series 5, 231 in expressing the behavior characteristics of an object in detail as a particle. In particular, when a pedestrian is targeted, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9305-2_16, © The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2011 Construction of DEM-base Traffic Model Using Optimal Velocity Model
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