30 J. Rathore et al. Fig. 9 Left: joining of the individual geometries with gripping and filling areas, right: the generated HTr specimen for a balanced yield load and displacement points for Al7075-T6 displacements, elemental stress and strain for each element as a field output, as well as the global reaction forces. The probing regions were detected using the Lode vs Triaxiality development of the elements in the gauge section of each specimen in HTr (Figure 10). The element groups that showed proper development of Lode and triaxiality for each stress state were combined to form regions of interest to be probed in FEA, as well as experimentation to extract data. From the region of interests in FEA, the average of strains and stresses is extracted as the local stress response for each stress state but also, the load derived stresses were determined using load division by 4 and then further divided by cross section area of each specimen in HTr to capture geometry induced effects. FEA provides the ability to decouple the geometry induced effects and plasticity model defined local response which provides further insight into the performance of the HTr specimen in terms of deviations for expected results. Fig. 10 Validation of the stress mode extracted from the HTr regions of interests (right) with the lode vs. triaxiality plot (right)
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