Modelling the Effect of Preload in a Lap-Joint by Altering Thin-Layer Material Properties 217 6 Conclusion In this paper 2D and 3D FE models were constructed to simulate a bolted lap-joint. The thin-layer approach was employed to simulate the contact interface of the joint structure. An identification of the joint model parameters was performed using the measured and simulated natural frequencies of the bending modes. The accuracy of the results showed that the material properties distribution in the thin layer can be generated from the normal stress distribution in the contact interface. This work showed a good agreement of the two models to predict the pressure distribution in the contact interface. This approach will be extended to stochastic modelling by considering a stochastic thin layer in the contact interface. Acknowledgements This research is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through Grant no. EP/R006768/1. Javad Taghipour acknowledges financial support from the College of Engineering at Swansea University through the PhD scholarship in support of EPSRC project EP/P01271X/1. References 1. Bograd, S., Reuss, P., Schmidt, A., Gaul, L., Mayer, M.: Modeling the dynamics of mechanical joints. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 25, 2801– 2826 (2011) 2. Iwan, W.D.: On a class of models for the yielding behavior of continuous composite systems. J. Appl. Mech. 89, 612–617 (1967) 3. Massing, G.: Eigenspannungen und Verfestigung beim Messing. In: Proceedings of the second international congress of applied mechanics, pp. 332–335 (1926) 4. Duwez, P.: On the plasticitv of crystals. Phys. Rev. 47, 494–501 (1935) 5. Drucker, D.C.: On the continuum as an assemblage of homogeneous elements or states. Brown University Technical Report No. 50 (1966) 6. Ivlev, D.E.: The theory of complex media. Soviet Physics—Doklady. 8(1), 28–30 (1963) 7. Prager, W.: Models of plastic behavior. In: Proceedings of the fifth U.S. national congress of applied mechanics, ASME, pp. 447–448 (1966) 8. Segalman, D.J.: An initial overview of wan modeling for mechanical joints, SAND2001-0811 Unlimited Release March 2001 9. Segalman, D.J., Starr, M.J.: Relationships among certain joint constitutive models, SAND2004-4321, Unlimited Release, Printed September 2004 10. Segalman, .J.: A four-parameter Iwan model for lap-type joints. In: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 72, pp. 752–760 (2005) 11. Li, Y., Hao, Z.: A six-parameter Iwan model and its application. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 68-69, 354–365 (2016) 12. Quinn, D.D., Segalman, D.J.: Using series-series Iwan-type models for understanding joint dynamics. In: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 72, pp. 666–673 (2005) 13. Ahmadian, H., Jalali, H.: Identification of bolted lap joints parameters in assembled structures. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 21, 1041–1050 (2007) 14. Ahmadian, H., Jalali, H.: Generic element formulation for modelling bolted lap joints. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 21, 2318–2334 (2007) 15. Miller, J.D., Quinn, D.D.: A two-sided interface model for dissipation in structural systems with frictional joints. J. Sound Vib. 321, 201–219 (2009) 16. Noël, J.P., Esfahani, A.F., Kerschen, G., Schoukens, J.: A nonlinear state-space approach to hysteresis identification. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 84, 171–184 (2017) 17. Naraghi, T., Nobari, A.S.: A novel method for the identification of a model for the nonlinear characteristic of a bolted lap-joint. J. Vib. Control. 23(3), 484–500 (2017) 18. Jalali, H., Ahmadian, H., Mottershead, J.E.: Identification of nonlinear bolted lap-joint parameters by force-state mapping. Int. J. Solids Struct. 44, 8087–8105 (2007) 19. Desai, C.S., Zaman, M.M., Lightner, J.G., Siriwardane, H.J.: Thin-layer element for interfaces and joints. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 8, 1943 (1984) 20. Jalali, H., Hedayati, A., Ahmadian, H.: Modelling mechanical interfaces experiencing micro-slip/slap. Inverse Problems Sci. Eng. 19(6), 751– 764 (2011) 21. Ehrlich, C., Schmidt, A., Gaul, L.: Reduced thin-layer elements for modeling the nonlinear transfer behavior of bolted joints of automotive engine structures. Arch. Appl. Mech. 86, 59–64 (2016) 22. Wang, Z., Fei, C.W., Wang, J.J.: Equivalent simulation of mechanical characteristics for parametric modeling of bolted joint structures. Adv. Mech. Eng. 9(6), 1–12 (2017) 23. Iranzad, M., Ahmadian, H.: Identification of nonlinear bolted lap joint models. Comput. Struct. 96-97, 1–8 (2012) 24. M. Zhan, Q. Guo, L. Yue, B. Zhang, Modeling and stochastic model updating of bolt-jointed structure, Shock. Vib., Volume 2018, 8354249 (2018)
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