92 Z. Zhao et al. Fig. 12.4 High-speed digital holographic imaging of another equivalent plastic stator operating at 6.890 kHz and 160 V in an in-phase operation mode. From (a)∼(f), it is shown that the stator has out-of-plane displacement without presenting rotation. The time interval between consecutive images is one frame, which is approximately 14.9μs Fig. 12.5 (a) First appearance of out-of-plane displacement during steady-state excitation. (b) Peak out-of-plane displacement showing wave crest rotatory motion from initial position 0◦ dashed line to 15◦ solid line (approximately). (c) Out-of-plane displacement returns to baseline with rotatory motion (indicated by solid line) moving a total of 30◦ from initial position (dashed line) Fig. 12.6 Out-of-plane displacement over time from six trials with one plastic stator operating at 6.788 kHz and 160 V. Time series is similar for the different trials. Dashed lines represent the outer envelope. The stator vibrational amplitude envelope reaches peak at, approximately, the 200th frame indicating that the motor has settled into steady state
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