6 S. Yoshida and T. Sasaki 1.4 Conclusion The wave dynamics of deformation was discussed using the wave characteristics observed in the differential displacement field of thin plate specimens under tensile loading. Theoretically predicted specific features in different stages of deformation have been confirmed through comparison between experimental and numerical spatiotemporal behaviors of the differential displacement field. The decrease in the propagation speed of shear band observed has been explained based on the previous interpretation that the shear band represents the solitary wave associated with the deformation dynamics in the pre-fracture stage. It has been found that the shear band propagation speed decreases as a function of the elapsed time, independent of the pulling rate of the specimen. This finding is interesting because the shear band’s propagation speed itself is proportional to the pulling rate. A simple consideration indicates the possibility that the observed decrease in the shear band propagation speed is related to dynamics of mobile dislocations. Further consideration on this finding is a subject of our future study. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korean Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT), Korea, through International Cooperative R&D program (Project No. P0006842). References 1. Hannah, R.L., Reed, S.E. (eds.): Strain Gage Users’ Handbook. Chapman and Hall, London (1992) 2. Sciammarella, C.A., Sciammarella, F.M.: Experimental Mechanics of Solids. Wiley, Hoboken (2012) 3. Sutton, M.A., Orteu, J.J., Schreier, H.W.: Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements. Springer, New York (2009) 4. Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Theory of Elasticity Course of Theoretical Physics, vol. 7, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (1986) 5. Lubliner, J.: Plasticity Theory. Courier Dover, New York (2008) 6. Irwin, G.R.: Fracture Dynamics in Fracturing of Metals. American Society for Metals, Cleveland (1948) 7. Yoshida, S.: Deformation and Fracture of Solid-State Materials – Field Theoretical Approach and Engineering Applications. Springer, New York (2015) 8. Elliott, J.P., Dawber, P.G.: Symmetry in Physics, vol. 1. Macmillan, London (1984) 9. Yoshida, S., Widiastuti, S.R., Pardede, M., Hutagalung, S., Marpaung, J.S., Muhardy, A.F., Kusnowo, A.: Direct observation of developed plastic deformation and its application to nondestructive testing. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L854L857 (1996) 10. Muchiar, S.Y., Muhamad, I., Widiastuti, R., Kusnowo, A.: Optical interferometric technique for deformation analysis. Opt. Exp. 2, 516–530 (1998) 11. Yoshida, S., Siahaan, B., Pardede, M.H., Sijabat, N., Simangunsong, H., Simbolon, T., Kusnowo, A.: Observation of plastic deformation wave in a tensile-loaded aluminum-alloy. Phys. Lett. A. 251, 54–60 (1999) 12. Nakamura, T., Sasaki, T., Yoshida, S.: Analysis of Portevin-Le Chatelier E_ect of Al-Mg alloy by electronic speckle pattern interferometry. In: Jin, H., Sciammarella, C., Yoshida, S., Lamberti, L. (eds.) Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, vol. 3. pp. 109–117. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham (2014) 13. Sasaki, T., Nakamura, T., Yoshida, S.: Observation of grain-size E_ect in serration of aluminum alloy. In: Jin, H., Sciammarella, C., Yoshida, S., Lamberti, L. (eds.) Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, vol. 3, pp. 109–115. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham (2015) 14. Yoshida, S., Sasaki, T.: Deformation wave theory and application to optical interferometry, Materials, in print (2020) 15. Yoshida, S.: Wave nature in deformation of solids and comprehensive description of deformation dynamics. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. 64, 438–448 (2015) 16. Yoshida, S., Sasaki, T.: Field theoretical description of shear bands. In: Beese, A. M., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of SEM 2015 Annual Conference, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution 8, Chapter 18, pp. 141–149 (2016) 17. Suzuki, T., Takeuchi, S., Yoshinaga, H.: Dislocation Dynamics and Plasticity Springer Series in Material Science, 12. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York (1991)
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